§5.38.1οἱ δʼ οὖν ταῖς ἐργασίαις τῶν μετάλλων ἐνδιατρίβοντες τοῖς μὲν κυρίοις ἀπίστους τοῖς πλήθεσι προσόδους περιποιοῦσιν, αὐτοὶ δὲ κατὰ γῆς ἐν τοῖς ὀρύγμασι καὶ καθʼ ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα καταξαινόμενοι τὰ σώματα, πολλοὶ μὲν ἀποθνήσκουσι διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς κακοπαθείας·
At any rate, those who occupy themselves with the labor in the mines provide their masters with revenues incredible in their amount, while they themselves, wearing down their bodies in the diggings beneath the earth both by day and by night, die in great numbers because of the excess of their suffering.
ἄνεσις γὰρ ἢ παῦλα τῶν ἔργων οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐπιστατῶν πληγαῖς ἀναγκαζόντων ὑπομένειν τὴν δεινότητα τῶν κακῶν ἀτυχῶς προΐενται τὸ ζῆν, τινὲς δὲ ταῖς δυνάμεσι τῶν σωμάτων καὶ ταῖς τῶν ψυχῶν καρτερίαις ὑπομένοντες πολυχρόνοιον ἔχουσι τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν· αἱρετώτερος γὰρ αὐτοῖς ὁ θάνατός ἐστι τοῦ ζῆν διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ταλαιπωρίας.
For there is no relaxation or pause from their labors for them, but because their overseers force them by blows to endure the severity of their miseries, they unhappily surrender their lives. But some, enduring by the strength of their bodies and the fortitude of their souls, experience a long-lasting misery; for to them death is more desirable than life because of the magnitude of their hardship.
§5.38.2πολλῶν δʼ ὄντων περὶ τὰς προειρημένας μεταλλείας παραδόξων, οὐχ ἥκιστʼ ἄν τις θαυμάσειε διότι τῶν μεταλλουργείων οὐδὲν πρόσφατον ἔχει τὴν ἀρχήν, πάντα δʼ ὑπὸ τῆς Καρχηδονίων φιλαργυρίας ἀνεῴχθη καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν καὶ τῆς Ἰβηρίας ἐπεκράτουν.
Although there are many marvelous things concerning the aforementioned mines, one would admire not least of all the fact that none of the mining works has a recent origin, but all were opened up by the avarice of the Carthaginians at the time when they were masters of Iberia.
ἐκ τούτων γὰρ ἔσχον τὴν ἐπὶ πλέον αὔξησιν, μισθούμενοι τοὺς κρατίστους στρατιώτας καὶ διὰ τούτων πολλοὺς καὶ μεγάλους πολέμους διαπολεμήσαντες.
For from these they obtained their further increase of power, hiring the best soldiers and through them fighting to the end many great wars.
§5.38.3καθόλου γὰρ ἀεὶ Καρχηδόνιοι διεπολέμουν οὔτε πολιτικοῖς στρατιώταις οὔτε τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν συμμάχων ἀθροιζομένοις πεποιθότες, ἀλλὰ καὶ Ῥωμαίους καὶ Σικελιώτας καὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Λιβύην οἰκοῦντας εἰς μεγίστους ἦγον κινδύνους καταπλουτομαχοῦντες ἅπαντας διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν μετάλλων γινομένην εὐπορίαν.
For in general the Carthaginians always carried on their wars without relying either on their citizen soldiers or on those gathered from their allies, but rather, by overwhelming everyone with their superior wealth because of the abundance coming from the mines, they brought both the Romans and the Siceliots and those living in Libya into the greatest dangers.
δεινοὶ γάρ, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὑπῆρξαν οἱ Φοίνικες ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων εἰς τὸ κέρδος εὑρεῖν, οἱ δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας εἰς τὸ μηδὲν μηδενὶ τῶν ἄλλων καταλιπεῖν.
For, as it seems, the Phoenicians were clever from ancient times at discovering profit, while the people of Italy were clever at leaving nothing for anyone else.
§5.38.4γίνεται δὲ καὶ καττίτερος ἐν πολλοῖς τόποις τῆς Ἰβηρίας, οὐκ ἐξ ἐπιπολῆς εὑρισκόμενος, ὡς ἐν ταῖς ἱστορίαις τινὲς τεθρυλήκασιν, ἀλλʼ ὀρυττόμενος καὶ χωνευόμενος ὁμοίως ἀργύρῳ τε καὶ χρυσῷ.
Tin is also produced in many places in Iberia, not found on the surface of the earth, as some have repeatedly asserted in their histories, but dug up and smelted in the same manner as silver and gold.
ὑπεράνω γὰρ τῆς τῶν Λυσιτανῶν χώρας ἔστι μέταλλα πολλὰ τοῦ καττιτέρου, κατὰ τὰς προκειμένας τῆς Ἰβηρίας ἐν τῷ ὠκεανῷ νησῖδας τὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος Καττιτερίδας ὠνομασμένας.
For above the land of the Lusitanians there are many mines of tin, located on the islands lying off Iberia in the ocean, which have been named the Cassiterides from what has happened to them.
§5.38.5πολὺς δὲ καὶ ἐκ τῆς Βρεττανικῆς νήσου διακομίζεται πρὸς τὴν κατʼ ἀντικρὺ κειμένην Γαλατίαν, καὶ διὰ τῆς μεσογείου Κελτικῆς ἐφʼ ἵππων ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμπόρων ἄγεται παρά τε τοὺς Μασσαλιώτας καὶ εἰς τὴν ὀνομαζομένην πόλιν Ναρβῶνα·
A great amount of tin is also carried from the British island to the opposite coast of Galatia, and is transported by merchants on horses through the interior of Celtica to the people of Massalia and to the city named Narbo.
αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἄποικος μὲν Ῥωμαίων, διὰ δὲ τὴν εὐκαιρίαν μέγιστον ἐμπόριον ἔχουσα τῶν ἐν ἐκείνοις τοῖς τόποις.
This city is a colony of the Romans, and because of its convenient location it possesses the greatest market of those in those regions.