§5.20.1κατὰ μὲν οὖν τοὺς παλαιοὺς χρόνους ἀνεύρετος ἦν διὰ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς ὅλης οἰκουμένης ἐκτοπισμόν, ὕστερον δʼ εὑρέθη διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας.
In ancient times, therefore, this island remained undiscovered because of its remoteness from the entire inhabited world, but later it was discovered for the following reasons.
Φοίνικες ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων συνεχῶς πλέοντες κατʼ ἐμπορίαν πολλὰς μὲν κατὰ τὴν Λιβύην ἀποικίας ἐποιήσαντο, οὐκ ὀλίγας δὲ καὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης ἐν τοῖς πρὸς δύσιν κεκλιμένοις μέρεσι.
The Phoenicians, sailing continuously from ancient times for trade, established many colonies along Libya, and not a few in the parts of Europe reclining towards the west.
τῶν δʼ ἐπιβολῶν αὐτοῖς κατὰ νοῦν προχωρουσῶν, πλούτους μεγάλους ἤθροισαν, καὶ τὴν ἐκτὸς Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ἐπεβάλοντο πλεῖν, ἣν ὠκεανὸν ὀνομάζουσι.
As their enterprises proceeded according to their desire, they amassed great wealth, and attempted to sail the sea outside the Pillars of Heracles, which they call the ocean.
§5.20.2καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὰς στήλας πόρου πόλιν ἔκτισαν ἐπὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης, ἣν οὖσαν χερρόνησον προσηγόρευσαν Γάδειρα, ἐν ᾗ τά τε ἄλλα κατεσκεύασαν οἰκείως τοῖς τόποις καὶ ναὸν Ἡρακλέους πολυτελῆ, καὶ θυσίας κατέδειξαν μεγαλοπρεπεῖς τοῖς τῶν Φοινίκων ἔθεσι διοικουμένας.
And first, at the very strait near the Pillars, they founded a city on the European side, which, being a peninsula, they named Gadeira. In it they constructed other things suitable to the locations, as well as a luxurious temple of Heracles, and established magnificent sacrifices administered according to the customs of the Phoenicians.
τὸ δʼ ἱερὸν συνέβη τοῦτο καὶ τότε καὶ κατὰ τοὺς νεωτέρους χρόνους τιμᾶσθαι περιττότερον μέχρι τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς ἡλικίας.
This temple happened to be honored exceedingly both at that time and in more recent times down to our own age.
πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐπιφανεῖς ἄνδρες καὶ μεγάλας πράξεις κατειργασμένοι ἐποιήσαντο μὲν τούτῳ τῷ θεῷ εὐχάς, συνετέλεσαν δʼ αὐτὰς μετὰ τὴν συντέλειαν τῶν κατορθωμάτων.
Indeed, many illustrious men among the Romans who had achieved great deeds made vows to this god, and fulfilled them after the successful completion of their exploits.
§5.20.3οἱ δʼ οὖν Φοίνικες διὰ τὰς προειρημένας αἰτίας ἐρευνῶντες τὴν ἐκτὸς τῶν στηλῶν παραλίαν καὶ παρὰ τὴν Λιβύην πλέοντες, ὑπʼ ἀνέμων μεγάλων ἀπηνέχθησαν ἐπὶ πολὺν πλοῦν δι’ ὠκεανοῦ.
So the Phoenicians, while exploring the coast outside the Pillars for the reasons mentioned above and sailing along Libya, were carried away by great winds for a long voyage through the ocean.
χειμασθέντες δʼ ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἡμέρας προσηνέχθησαν τῇ προειρημένῃ νήσῳ, καὶ τὴν εὐδαιμονίαν αὐτῆς καὶ φύσιν κατοπτεύσαντες ἅπασι γνώριμον ἐποίησαν.
Having been tossed by a storm for many days, they were brought to the aforementioned island, and having observed its prosperity and nature, they made it known to all.
§5.20.4διὸ καὶ Τυρρηνῶν θαλαττοκρατούντων καὶ πέμπειν εἰς αὐτὴν ἀποικίαν ἐπιβαλλομένων, διεκώλυσαν αὐτοὺς Καρχηδόνιοι, ἅμα μὲν εὐλαβούμενοι μὴ διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς νήσου πολλοὶ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Καρχηδόνος εἰς ἐκείνην μεταστῶσιν, ἅμα δὲ πρὸς τὰ παράλογα τῆς τύχης κατασκευαζόμενοι καταφυγήν, εἴ τι περὶ τὴν Καρχηδόνα ὁλοσχερὲς πταῖσμα συμβαίνοι· δυνήσεσθαι γὰρ αὐτοὺς θαλαττοκρατοῦντας ἀπᾶραι πανοικίους εἰς ἀγνοουμένην ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπερεχόντων νῆσον.
For this reason, when the Tyrrhenians held the mastery of the sea and attempted to send a colony to it, the Carthaginians prevented them, partly being cautious lest many of those from Carthage should migrate thither on account of the goodness of the island, and partly preparing a refuge against the unexpected turns of fortune, in case some complete disaster should befall Carthage; for they thought that, as masters of the sea, they would be able to sail away with all their households to an island unknown to those who held the upper hand.