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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.50.1-4.50.7

Pelias' Murder of Jason's Kin and Medea's Plot

Passage 286 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Pelias massacres Jason's family believing a false rumor of their death, but upon his return, Jason decides to take revenge using a cunning plan proposed by Medea.

§4.50.1τῆς δὲ τῶν ἀριστέων ἀνακομιδῆς ἀγνοουμένης ἔτι κατὰ τὴν Θετταλίαν, φασὶ προσπεσεῖν φήμην ὅτι πάντες οἱ μετὰ Ἰάσονος στρατεύσαντες ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸν Πόντον τόποις ἀπολώλασι.
While the return of the chieftains was still unknown in Thessaly, they say that a rumor spread that all those who had campaigned with Jason had perished in the regions around the Pontus.
διόπερ τὸν Πελίαν καιρὸν ἔχειν ὑπολαμβάνοντα τοὺς ἐφέδρους τῆς βασιλείας πάντας ἄρδην ἀνελεῖν, τὸν μὲν πατέρα τὸν Ἰάσονος ἀναγκάσαι πιεῖν αἷμα ταύρου, τὸν δʼ ἀδελφὸν Πρόμαχον, παῖδα τὴν ἡλικίαν ὄντα, §4.50.2φονεῦσαι.
For this reason, Pelias, assuming that he had a favorable opportunity, utterly destroyed all the claimants to the kingship, forcing Jason's father to drink bull's blood, and his brother Promachus, who was a child in age, he murdered.
Ἀμφινόμην δὲ τὴν μητέρα μέλλουσαν ἀναιρεῖσθαί φασιν ἔπανδρον καὶ μνήμης ἀξίαν ἐπιτελέσασθαι πρᾶξιν· καταφυγοῦσαν γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν ἑστίαν τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ καταρασαμένην παθεῖν αὐτὸν ἄξια τῶν ἀσεβημάτων, ξίφει πατάξασαν ἑαυτῆς τὸ στῆθος ἡρωικῶς καταστρέψαι τὸν βίον.
But they say that his mother Amphinome, when she was about to be put to death, performed a manly and memorable deed; for having fled to the hearth of the king and having cursed him to suffer things worthy of his impious deeds, she struck her own breast with a sword and heroically ended her life.
§4.50.3τὸν δὲ Πελίαν τούτῳ τῷ τρόπῳ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἰάσονος συγγένειαν. ἄρδην ἀνελόντα ταχὺ τὴν προσήκουσαν τοῖς ἀσεβήμασι κομίσασθαι τιμωρίαν.
And Pelias, having in this manner utterly destroyed all the kindred of Jason, quickly received the punishment fitting his impious deeds.
τὸν γάρ Ἰάσονα καταπλεύσαντα νυκτὸς τῆς Θετταλίας εἰς ὅρμον οὐ μακρὰν μὲν τῆς Ἰωλκοῦ κείμενον, ἀθεώρητον δὲ τοῖς ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, μαθεῖν παρά τινος τῶν κατὰ τὴν χώραν τὰ γενόμενα περὶ τοὺς συγγενεῖς ἀτυχήματα.
For Jason, having sailed by night into an anchorage of Thessaly which lay not far from Iolcus, yet unseen by those in the city, learned from one of the inhabitants of the country the misfortunes that had befallen his relatives.
§4.50.4πάντων δὲ τῶν ἀριστέων ἑτοίμων ὄντων βοηθεῖν τῷ Ἰάσονι καὶ πάντα κίνδυνον ἀναδέχεσθαι, περὶ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως ἐμπεσεῖν αὐτοῖς ἀμφισβήτησιν· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ συμβουλεύειν παραχρῆμα βιασαμένους εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἀπροσδοκήτως ἐπιθέσθαι τῷ βασιλεῖ, τινὰς δʼ ἀποφαίνεσθαι δεῖν στρατιώτας ἀπὸ τῆς ἰδίας πατρίδος ἕκαστον συλλέξαντα κοινὸν ἄρασθαι πόλεμον· ἀδύνατον γὰρ εἶναι πεντήκοντα καὶ τρισὶν ἀνδράσι περιγενέσθαι βασιλέως δύναμιν ἔχοντος καὶ πόλεις ἀξιολόγους.
When all the chieftains were ready to aid Jason and to undergo every danger, a dispute arose among them concerning the attack; for some advised that they should immediately force their way into the city and attack the king unexpectedly, while others declared that each man should collect soldiers from his own native land and wage a common war; for they said it was impossible for fifty-three men to overcome a king who possessed forces and notable cities.
§4.50.5τοιαύτης δʼ οὔσης ἐν αὐτοῖς ἀπορίας, λέγεται τὴν Μήδειαν ἐπαγγείλασθαι δι’ ἑαυτῆς τόν τε Πελίαν ἀποκτενεῖν δόλῳ καὶ τὰ βασίλεια παραδώσειν τοῖς ἀριστεῦσιν ἀκινδύνως.
While such perplexity existed among them, it is said that Medea promised that by herself she would kill Pelias by guile and deliver the palace to the chieftains without danger.
§4.50.6ἐνταῦθα πάντων θαυμασάντων τὸν λόγον καὶ τὸν τρόπον τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς μαθεῖν ζητούντων, εἰπεῖν ὅτι κομίζει μεθʼ ἑαυτῆς πολλὰς καὶ παραδόξους δυνάμεις φαρμάκων εὑρημένας ὑπό τε τῆς μητρὸς Ἑκάτης καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς Κίρκης· καὶ ταύταις μὲν μηδέποτε χρῆσθαι πρότερον πρὸς ἀπώλειαν ἀνθρώπων, νυνὶ δὲ διʼ αὐτῶν ἀμυνεῖσθαι ῥᾳδίως τοὺς ἀξίους τιμωρίας.
Thereupon, when all wondered at her words and sought to learn the manner of her plot, she said that she carried with her many and wonderful powers of drugs discovered by her mother Hecate and her sister Circe; and though she had never before used these for the destruction of men, she would now by means of them easily avenge themselves on those worthy of punishment.
§4.50.7προειποῦσαν δὲ τοῖς ἀριστεῦσι τὰ κατὰ μέρος τῆς ἐπιθέσεως, ἐκ τῶν βασιλείων αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγείλασθαι σημανεῖν τῆς μὲν ἡμέρας καπνῷ, τῆς δὲ νυκτὸς πυρί, πρὸς τὴν ὑπερκειμένην τῆς θαλάττης σκοπήν.
And having beforehand explained to the chieftains the details of the attack, she promised to signal to them from the palace, by day with smoke, and by night with fire, toward the lookout which overlooked the sea.

Notes

  1. 4.50.1αἷμα ταύρου — Bull's blood. In ancient Greek belief, drinking bull's blood was thought to act as a highly lethal poison. Grammatically, it is the accusative object of the infinitive πιεῖν.
  2. 4.50.2ἔπανδρον — Accusative feminine singular of the adjective ἔπανδρος, meaning 'manly' or 'courageous'. It functions predicatively with Ἀμφινόμην τὴν μητέρα, highlighting her resolute attitude of self-sacrifice.
  3. 4.50.3τὸν δὲ Πελίαν ... κομίσασθαι — An accusative and infinitive construction in indirect discourse. It is governed by a verb of saying (like φασίν) carried over from previous sentences, indicating that Pelias (the accusative subject) 'received' (the infinitive) his punishment.
  4. 4.50.4πεντήκοντα καὶ τρισὶν ἀνδράσι — A dative noun phrase with numerals meaning 'by fifty-three men'. The dative case is required by the governing compound verb περιγενέσθαι (to overcome, conquer).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.50.1-4.50.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.50.1-4.50.7

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