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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.44.1-4.44.7

Defeat of Phineus and Rescue of Cleopatra's Sons

Passage 280 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Heracles and the Boreadae defeated Phineus, rescued his sons, and restored the kingdom to Cleopatra. The author notes alternative versions of the Argonautic myth and relates how the expedition proceeded to Taurica.

§4.44.1τὸν δὲ Φινέα πικρῶς ἀπαντήσαντα τοῖς ξένοις παραγγεῖλαι μηδὲν τῶν καθʼ ἑαυτὸν πολυπραγμονεῖν· μηδένα γὰρ πατέρα λαβεῖν παρʼ υἱῶν ἑκουσίως τιμωρίαν, εἰ μὴ τῷ μεγέθει τῶν ἀδικημάτων ὑπέρθοιντο τὴν φυσικὴν §4.44.2τῶν γονέων εἰς τέκνα φιλοστοργίαν.
But Phineus, meeting the strangers harshly, ordered them not to busy themselves in any way with his affairs; for he said that no father would willingly exact punishment from his sons unless by the magnitude of their misdeeds they had overcome the natural love of parents for their children.
ἐνταῦθα συμπλέοντας τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα τοὺς ἐπικαλουμένους μὲν Βορεάδας, ἀδελφοὺς δʼ ὄντας Κλεοπάτρας, λέγεται διὰ τὴν συγγένειαν πρώτους ὁρμῆσαι πρὸς τὴν βοήθειαν, καὶ τοὺς μὲν περικειμένους τοῖς νεανίσκοις δεσμοὺς περιρρῆξαι, τοὺς δʼ ἐναντιουμένους τῶν βαρβάρων ἀποκτεῖναι.
Thereupon, those who were sailing with Heracles, who were called Boreadae and were brothers of Cleopatra, are said, because of their kinship, to have been the first to rush to their aid, and they tore off the bonds that bound the young men, and slew those of the barbarians who opposed them.
§4.44.3ὁρμήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Φινέως πρὸς μάχην, καὶ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν Θρᾳκῶν συνδραμόντος, φασὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα πάντων ἄριστα διαγωνισάμενον αὐτόν τε τὸν Φινέα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οὐκ ὀλίγους ἀνελεῖν, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖν, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον κρατήσαντα τῶν βασιλείων τὴν μὲν Κλεοπάτραν τὴς φυλακῆς προαγαγεῖν, τοῖς δε Φινείδαις ἀποκαταστῆσαι τὴν πατρῴαν ἀρχήν· βουλομένων δʼ αὐτῶν τὴν μητρυιὰν μετʼ αἰκίας ἀποκτεῖναι, πεῖσαι τῆς μὲν τιμωρίας ταύτης ἀποστῆναι, πρὸς δὲ τὸν πατέρα πέμψαντας εἰς τὴν Σκυθίαν ἐκεῖνον παρακαλέσαι τῶν εἰς αὐτοὺς ἀνομημάτων λαβεῖν κόλασιν.
And when Phineus rushed into battle and the multitude of the Thracians ran together, they say that Heracles, fighting most bravely of all, slew Phineus himself and not a few of the others, and finally, having gained control of the palace, brought Cleopatra out of her prison, and restored to the sons of Phineus their ancestral dominion; and when they wished to put their stepmother to death with torture, he persuaded them to desist from this punishment, and to send her to her father in Scythia, urging him to take punishment for her lawless deeds against them.
§4.44.4οὗ γενηθέντος τὸν μὲν Σκύθην τῆς θυγατρὸς καταγνῶναι θάνατον, τοὺς δʼ ἐκ τῆς Κλεοπάτρας υἱοὺς ἀπενέγκασθαι παρὰ τοῖς Θρᾳξὶ δόξαν ἐπιεικείας.
When this was done, the Scythian condemned his daughter to death, and the sons of Cleopatra won a reputation for fairness among the Thracians.
οὐκ ἀγνοῶ δὲ διότι τινὲς τῶν μυθογράφων τυφλωθῆναί φασι τοὺς Φινείδας ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός, καὶ τὸν Φινέα τῆς ὁμοίας τυχεῖν συμφορᾶς ὑπὸ Βορέου.
But I am not ignorant of the fact that some of the mythographers say that the sons of Phineus were blinded by their father, and that Phineus suffered a similar fate at the hands of Boreas.
§4.44.5ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα τινὲς παραδεδώκασι πρὸς ὑδρείαν ἐξελθόντα κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀργοναυτῶν ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας ἀπολειφθῆναι.
In like manner, some have recorded that Heracles, having gone out for water in Asia, was left behind on the land by the Argonauts.
καθόλου δὲ τοὺς παλαιοὺς μύθους οὐχ ἁπλῆν οὐδὲ συμπεφωνημένην ἱστορίαν ἔχειν συμβέβηκε· §4.44.6διόπερ οὐ χρὴ θαυμάζειν, ἐάν τινα τῶν ἀρχαιολογουμένων μὴ συμφώνως ἅπασι τοῖς ποιηταῖς καὶ συγγραφεῦσι συγκρίνωμεν.
And in general, it is the case that ancient myths do not possess a simple or agreed-upon history; therefore one should not wonder if, in comparing some of the ancient accounts, we do not agree with all the poets and historians.
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς Φινείδας λέγεται τὴν βασιλείαν παραδόντας τῇ μητρὶ Κλεοπάτρᾳ συστρατεῦσαι τοῖς ἀριστεῦσιν.
Be that as it may, the sons of Phineus are said to have handed over the kingdom to their mother Cleopatra and to have joined the expedition with the heroes.
§4.44.7ἀναχθέντας δʼ αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς Θρᾴκης καὶ κομισθέντας εἰς τὸν Πόντον προσχεῖν τῇ Ταυρικῇ, τὴν ἀγριότητα τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἀγνοοῦντας· νόμιμον γὰρ εἶναι τοῖς τὴν χώραν ταύτην οἰκοῦσι βαρβάροις θύειν Ἀρτέμιδι Ταυροπόλῳ τοὺς καταπλέοντας ξένους· παρʼ οἷς φασι τὴν Ἰφιγένειαν ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἱέρειαν τῆς εἰρημένης θεοῦ κατασταθεῖσαν θύειν τοὺς ἁλισκομένους.
And having put to sea from Thrace and been carried into the Pontus, they put in at Taurica, being ignorant of the savagery of the inhabitants; for it was a custom among the barbarians who inhabited this land to sacrifice to Artemis Tauropolos the strangers who sailed to their shores; and among them, they say, Iphigenia in later times was appointed priestess of the said goddess and sacrificed those who were captured.

Notes

  1. 4.44.1λαβεῖν παρʼ υἱῶν ... τιμωρίαν — The phrase λαμβάνω τιμωρίαν παρά τινος regularly means "to take punishment from someone," i.e., "to punish someone" (similar to δίκην λαμβάνω). Here, παρʼ υἱῶν refers to an active infliction of punishment on the sons, matching the context of Phineus' self-justification: "no father willingly punishes his own children unless the magnitude of their offenses overcomes his parental love."
  2. 4.44.3τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον — The Greek text exhibits a repetition: τὸ δὲ τελευταῖν, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον. This is likely a scribal dittography in the manuscript tradition. It functions as an adverbial accusative meaning "finally" or "in the end." In the translations, this redundancy is resolved.
  3. 4.44.4δόξαν ἐπιεικείας — The genitive ἐπιεικείας functions as a genitive of quality or definition modifying the noun δόξαν, representing "a reputation for fairness/leniency."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.44.1-4.44.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.44.1-4.44.7

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