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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.25.1-4.25.4

Initiation at Eleusis and Digression on Orpheus

Passage 261 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Heracles receives the command to fetch Cerberus and prepares by participating in the Eleusinian mysteries. The author takes this opportunity to make a brief digression on Orpheus, the father of the priest Musaeus, outlining his extensive learning, travel to Egypt, and his mythological descent to Hades.

§4.25.1αὐτὸς δʼ ἐγκυκλωθεὶς τὸν Ἀδρίαν καὶ πεζῇ περιελθὼν τὸν προειρημένον κόλπον κατήντησεν εἰς τὴν Ἤπειρον, ἐξ ἧς πορευθεὶς εἰς τὴν Πελοπόννησον, καὶ τετελεκὼς τὸν δέκατον ἆθλον, ἔλαβε πρόσταγμα παρʼ Εὐρυσθέως τὸν ἐξ ᾅδου Κέρβερον πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἀγαγεῖν.
But Heracles himself, having skirted the Adriatic and having gone around the aforementioned gulf on foot, arrived in Epirus, whence proceeding into the Peloponnese, and having completed his tenth labor, he received a command from Eurystheus to bring Cerberus up from Hades into the light.
πρὸς δὲ τοῦτον τὸν ἆθλον ὑπολαβὼν συνοίσειν αὑτῷ, παρῆλθεν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας καὶ μετέσχε τῶν ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι μυστηρίων, Μουσαίου τοῦ Ὀρφέως υἱοῦ τότε προεστηκότος τῆς τελετῆς.
And thinking that it would be of advantage to him for this labor, he came to Athens and participated in the mysteries in Eleusis, Musaeus the son of Orpheus being at that time in charge of the initiatory rite.
§4.25.2ἐπεὶ δʼ Ὀρφέως ἐμνήσθημεν, οὐκ ἀνοίκειόν ἐστι παρεκβάντας βραχέα περὶ αὐτοῦ διελθεῖν.
And since we have mentioned Orpheus, it is not inappropriate, making a digression, to treat briefly of him.
οὗτος γὰρ ἦν υἱὸς μὲν Οἰάγρου, Θρᾷξ δὲ τὸ γένος, παιδείᾳ δὲ καὶ μελῳδίᾳ καὶ ποιήσει πολὺ προέχων τῶν μνημονευομένων· καὶ γὰρ ποίημα συνετάξατο θαυμαζόμενον καὶ τῇ κατὰ τὴν ᾠδὴν εὐμελείᾳ διαφέρον.
For this man was a son of Oeagrus, a Thracian by birth, and far outstanding in education, melody, and poetry among those who are remembered; for he also composed a poem which is admired and outstanding for its beautiful melody in song.
ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο δὲ προέβη τῇ δόξῃ ὥστε δοκεῖν τῇ μελῳδίᾳ θέλγειν τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰ δένδρα.
And he advanced so far in reputation that he seemed to charm both wild beasts and trees with his melody.
§4.25.3περὶ δὲ παιδείαν ἀσχοληθεὶς καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς θεολογίας μυθολογούμενα μαθών, ἀπεδήμησε μὲν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, κἀκεῖ πολλὰ προσεπιμαθὼν μέγιστος ἐγένετο τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἔν τε ταῖς θεολογίαις καὶ ταῖς τελεταῖς καὶ ποιήμασι καὶ μελῳδίαις.
And having occupied himself with education and learned the myths told about theology, he journeyed to Egypt, and there learning many additional things, he became the greatest of the Greeks in theology, initiatory rites, poetry, and melodies.
§4.25.4συνεστρατεύσατο δὲ καὶ τοῖς Ἀργοναύταις, καὶ διὰ τὸν ἔρωτα τὸν πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα καταβῆναι μὲν εἰς ᾅδου παραδόξως ἐτόλμησε, τὴν δὲ Φερσεφόνην διὰ τῆς εὐμελείας ψυχαγωγήσας ἔπεισε συνεργῆσαι ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ συγχωρῆσαι τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ τετελευτηκυῖαν ἀναγαγεῖν ἐξ ᾅδου παραπλησίως τῷ Διονύσῳ· καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον μυθολογοῦσιν ἀναγαγεῖν τὴν μητέρα Σεμέλην ἐξ ᾅδου, καὶ μεταδόντα τῆς ἀθανασίας Θυώνην μετονομάσαι.
He also campaigned with the Argonauts, and because of his love for his wife, he dared, remarkably, to descend into Hades, and having charmed Persephone with his beautiful melody, he persuaded her to cooperate with his desires and allow him to bring back his deceased wife from Hades in a manner similar to Dionysus; for they relate in myth that he too brought back his mother Semele from Hades, and sharing immortality with her, renamed her Thyone.
ἡμεῖς δʼ ἐπεὶ περὶ Ὀρφέως διεληλύθαμεν, μεταβησόμεθα πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἡρακλέα.
But since we have treated of Orpheus, we shall return again to Heracles.

Notes

  1. 4.25.1ὑπολαβὼν συνοίσειν αὑτῷ — The verb `ὑπολαμβάνω` (to suppose) governs the future infinitive `συνοίσειν` (from `συμφέρω`, to be of advantage) in an indirect statement. The dative `αὑτῷ` is an indirect reflexive pronoun referring back to the subject of the main clause (Heracles).
  2. 4.25.1Μουσαίου τοῦ Ὀρφέως υἱοῦ τότε προεστηκότος τῆς τελετῆς — A genitive absolute construction with `Μουσαίου` as the logical subject of the participle. `προεστηκότος` is the perfect active participle of `προΐστημι` (to be in charge of), which governs the genitive object `τῆς τελετῆς`.
  3. 4.25.2παρεκβάντας — An aorist active participle in the accusative plural. It agrees with the implied subject (accusative) of the infinitive `διελθεῖν` which refers to the author and readers in the first person plural, consistent with the preceding verb `ἐμνήσθημεν`.
  4. 4.25.2Θρᾷξ δὲ τὸ γένος — `τὸ γένος` is an accusative of respect (literally, "with respect to birth"), specifying the nationality or origin of Orpheus as a Thracian.
  5. 4.25.4παραπλησίως τῷ Διονύσῳ — The adverb `παραπλησίως` (in a similar manner) governs the dative `τῷ Διονύσῳ`, comparing Orpheus's action of retrieving his wife to Dionysus's mythological retrieval of his mother Semele.
  6. 4.25.4καὶ γὰρ ἐκεῖνον μυθολογοῦσιν — The demonstrative pronoun `ἐκεῖνον` refers to Dionysus and serves as the subject accusative in the accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by the reporting verb `μυθολογοῦσιν` (they relate in myth), which controls the infinitives `ἀναγαγεῖν` and `μετονομάσαι`.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.25.1-4.25.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.25.1-4.25.4

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