Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.24.1-4.24.7

Heracles' Worship in Agyrium and Return to Italy

Passage 260 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Heracles is welcomed in Agyrium with honors equal to those of the Olympian gods, where divine signs convince him of his own immortality, leading him to construct a lake in his name and a sanctuary for Iolaus. He then crosses over into Italy, dealing with Lacinius and Croton.

§4.24.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διελθὼν τὸ Λεοντῖνον πεδίον, τὸ μὲν κάλλος τῆς χώρας ἐθαύμασε, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς τιμῶντας αὐτὸν οἰκείως διατιθέμενος ἀπέλιπε παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἀθάνατα μνημεῖα τῆς ἑαυτοῦ παρουσίας.
After these things, passing through the Leontine plain, he admired the beauty of the land, and behaving kindly toward those who honored him, he left with them immortal monuments of his presence.
ἴδιον δέ τι συνέβη γενέσθαι περὶ τὴν πόλιν τῶν Ἀγυριναίων.
And a certain peculiar thing happened to occur around the city of the Agyrinaeans.
ἐν ταύτῃ γὰρ τιμηθεὶς ἐπʼ ἴσης τοῖς Ὀλυμπίοις θεοῖς πανηγύρεσι καὶ θυσίαις λαμπραῖς, καίπερ κατὰ τοὺς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνους οὐδεμίαν θυσίαν προσδεχόμενος, τότε πρώτως συνευδόκησε, τοῦ δαιμονίου τὴν ἀθανασίαν αὐτῷ προσημαίνοντος.
For in this city, being honored equally with the Olympian gods with splendid festivals and sacrifices, although in former times he had accepted no sacrifice, on this occasion he consented for the first time, as the divine power presaged his immortality to him.
§4.24.2ὁδοῦ γὰρ οὔσης οὐκ ἄπωθεν τῆς πόλεως πετρώδους, αἱ βόες τὰ ἴχνη καθάπερ ἐπὶ κηροῦ τινος ἀπετυποῦντο.
For there being a rocky road not far from the city, the cows imprinted their tracks as if upon some wax.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ αὐτῷ τῷ Ἡρακλεῖ τούτου συμβαίνοντος, καὶ τοῦ ἄθλου δεκάτου τελουμένου, νομίσας ἤδη τι λαμβάνειν τῆς ἀθανασίας, προσεδέχετο τὰς τελουμένας ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν θυσίας.
And the same thing happening to Heracles himself, and since his tenth labor was being completed, thinking that he was already receiving some share of immortality, he accepted the sacrifices offered yearly by the inhabitants.
§4.24.3διόπερ τοῖς εὐδοκουμένοις τὰς χάριτας ἀποδιδούς, πρὸ μὲν τῆς πόλεως κατεσκεύασε λίμνην, ἔχουσαν τὸν περίβολον σταδίων τεττάρων, ἣν ἐπώνυμον αὐτῷ καλεῖσθαι προσέταξεν· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τῶν βοῶν τοῖς ἀποτυπωθεῖσιν ἴχνεσι τὴν ἐφʼ ἑαυτοῦ προσηγορίαν ἐπιθείς, τέμενος κατεσκεύασεν ἥρωι Γηρυόνῃ, ὃ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν τιμᾶται παρὰ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις.
Therefore, returning favors to those who had pleased him, before the city he constructed a lake having a circumference of four stades, which he commanded to be called by his name; and likewise, giving his own name to the places where the tracks of the cows had been imprinted, he constructed a sacred precinct for the hero Geryon, which is honored down to the present time among the inhabitants.
§4.24.4Ἰολάου τε τοῦ ἀδελφιδοῦ συστρατεύοντος τέμενος ἀξιόλογον ἐποίησε, καὶ τιμὰς καὶ θυσίας κατέδειξεν αὐτῷ γίνεσθαι κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν τὰς μέχρι τοῦ νῦν τηρουμένας· πάντες γὰρ οἱ κατὰ ταύτην τὴν πόλιν οἰκοῦντες ἐκ γενετῆς τὰς κόμας Ἰολάῳ τρέφουσι, μέχρι ἂν ὅτου θυσίαις μεγαλοπρεπέσι καλλιερήσαντες τὸν θεὸν ἵλεων κατασκευάσωσι.
And for his nephew Iolaus, who was campaigning with him, he made a remarkable sacred precinct, and established honors and sacrifices to be offered to him yearly, which are observed down to the present time; for all those who dwell in this city let their hair grow from birth for Iolaus, until they make the god propitious by obtaining favorable omens through magnificent sacrifices.
§4.24.5τοσαύτη δʼ ἐστὶν ἁγνεία καὶ σεμνότης περὶ τὸ τέμενος ὥστε τοὺς μὴ τελοῦντας τὰς εἰθισμένας θυσίας παῖδας ἀφώνους γίνεσθαι καὶ τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν ὁμοίους.
And so great is the purity and sanctity around the sacred precinct that those children who do not offer the customary sacrifices become speechless and like the dead.
ἀλλʼ οὗτοι μέν, ὅταν εὔξηταί τις ἀποδώσειν τὴν θυσίαν καὶ ἐνέχυρον τῆς θυσίας ἀναδείξῃ τῷ θεῷ, παραχρῆμα ἀποκαθίστασθαί φασι τοὺς τῇ προειρημένῃ νόσῳ κατεχομένους.
But they say that these indeed, whenever someone vows to pay the sacrifice and displays a pledge of the sacrifice to the god, those who are held by the aforementioned disease are immediately restored.
§4.24.6οἱ δʼ οὖν ἐγχώριοι τούτοις ἀκολούθως τὴν μὲν πύλην, πρὸς ᾗ τὰς ἀπαντήσεις καὶ θυσίας τῷ θεῷ παρέστησαν, Ἡρακλείαν προσηγόρευσαν, ἀγῶνα δὲ γυμνικὸν καὶ ἱππικὸν καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔτος μετὰ πάσης προθυμίας ποιοῦσι.
The inhabitants, therefore, in accordance with these things, called the gate at which they presented their welcomes and sacrifices to the god "Heracleia", and they conduct a gymnastic and equestrian contest every year with all enthusiasm.
πανδήμου δὲ τῆς ἀποδοχῆς ἐλευθέρων τε καὶ δούλων γινομένης, κατέδειξαν καὶ τοὺς οἰκέτας ἰδίᾳ τιμῶντας τὸν θεὸν θιάσους τε συνάγειν καὶ συνιόντας εὐωχίας τε καὶ θυσίας τῷ θεῷ συντελεῖν.
And since the reception is general for both free men and slaves, they established that the domestic servants also should honor the god individually, gather religious associations, and meeting together, perform feasts and sacrifices to the god.
§4.24.7ὁ δʼ Ἡρακλῆς μετὰ τῶν βοῶν περαιωθεὶς εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν προῆγε διὰ τῆς παραλίας, καὶ Λακίνιον μὲν κλέπτοντα τῶν βοῶν ἀνεῖλε, Κρότωνα δὲ ἀκουσίως ἀποκτείνας ἔθαψε μεγαλοπρεπῶς καὶ τάφον αὐτοῦ κατεσκεύασε· προεῖπε δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις ὅτι κατὰ τοὺς ὕστερον χρόνους ἔσται πόλις ἐπίσημος ὁμώνυμος τῷ τετελευτηκότι.
And Heracles, having crossed over to Italy with the cows, proceeded along the coast, and slew Lacinius who was stealing some of the cows, and having accidentally killed Croton, buried him magnificently and constructed a tomb for him; and he also foretold to the inhabitants that in later times there would be a famous city sharing the name of the deceased.

Notes

  1. §4.24.1τοῦ δαιμονίου τὴν ἀθανασίαν αὐτῷ προσημαίνοντος — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause ("since the divine power presaged...").
  2. §4.24.2νομίσας ἤδη τι λαμβάνειν — The subject of the infinitive λαμβάνειν is omitted because it is identical to the subject of the participle νομίσας (Heracles), rather than forming an accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction.
  3. §4.24.4μέχρι ἂν ὅτου — A conjunctional phrase with the subjunctive (here κατασκευάσωσι) expressing a temporal limit ("until the time when").
  4. §4.24.5ἀποκαθίστασθαι — An infinitive in an accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction dependent on φασί ("they say"), where the logical subject is the opening οὗτοι... along with τοὺς τῇ προειρημένῃ νόσῳ κατεχομένους ("those held by the aforementioned disease").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.24.1-4.24.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.24.1-4.24.7

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.