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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.13.1-4.13.4

Labors of the Hind, Birds, Stables, and Cretan Bull

Passage 249 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The text describes how Heracles accomplishes four of his labors—the Ceryneian Hind, the Stymphalian Birds, the Augean Stables, and the Cretan Bull—by employing not only physical strength but also various clever strategies.

§4.13.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἔλαβε πρόσταγμα τὴν χρυσόκερων μὲν οὖσαν ἔλαφον, τάχει δὲ διαφέρουσαν, ἀγαγεῖν.
After these things, he received a command to bring back the hind which had golden horns and excelled in swiftness.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν ἆθλον συντελῶν τὴν ἐπίνοιαν ἔσχεν οὐκ ἀχρηστοτέραν τῆς κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ῥώμης.
In accomplishing this labor, he employed a mind no less useful than his bodily strength.
οἱ μὲν γάρ φασιν αὐτὴν ἄρκυσιν ἑλεῖν, οἱ δὲ διὰ τῆς στιβείας χειρώσασθαι καθεύδουσαν, τινὲς δὲ συνεχεῖ διωγμῷ καταπονῆσαι· πλὴν ἄνευ βίας καὶ κινδύνων διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὴν ψυχὴν ἀγχινοίας τὸν ἆθλον τοῦτον κατειργάσατο.
For some say that he caught her with nets, others that he subdued her by tracking while she was asleep, and some that he wore her out by continuous pursuit; in any case, without force and dangers, through the quick-wittedness of his mind, he achieved this labor.
§4.13.2ὁ δʼ Ἡρακλῆς πρόσταγμα λαβὼν τὰς ἐκ τῆς Στυμφαλίδος λίμνης ὄρνιθας ἐξελάσαι, τέχνῃ καὶ ἐπινοίᾳ ῥᾳδίως συνετέλεσε τὸν ἆθλον.
Heracles, having received a command to drive out the birds from the Stymphalian lake, easily accomplished the labor by skill and ingenuity.
ἐπεπόλασε γάρ, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὀρνίθων πλῆθος ἀμύθητον, καὶ τοὺς ἐν τῇ πλησίον χώρᾳ καρποὺς ἐλυμαίνετο.
For there had flocked, as it seems, an unspeakable multitude of birds, and they were ruining the crops in the neighboring land.
βίᾳ μὲν οὖν ἀδύνατον ἦν χειρώσασθαι τὰ ζῷα διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τοῦ πλήθους, φιλοτέχνου δʼ ἐπινοίας ἡ πρᾶξις προσεδεῖτο.
Now, by force it was impossible to subdue the creatures because of the excess of their multitude, and the task required an artful design.
διόπερ κατασκευάσας χαλκῆν πλαταγήν, καὶ διὰ ταύτης ἐξαίσιον κατασκευάζων ψόφον, ἐξεφόβει τὰ ζῷα, καὶ πέρας τῇ συνεχείᾳ τοῦ κρότου ῥᾳδίως ἐκπολιορκήσας καθαρὰν ἐποίησε τὴν λίμνην.
Therefore, having constructed a bronze rattle, and through this making an extraordinary noise, he terrified the creatures, and at last, easily flushing them out by the continuity of the sound, he made the lake clean.
§4.13.3τελέσας δὲ καὶ τοῦτον τὸν ἆθλον ἔλαβε παρʼ Εὐρυσθέως πρόσταγμα τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν Αὐγέου καθᾶραι μηδενὸς βοηθοῦντος· αὕτη δʼ ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων ἠθροισμένην κόπρον εἶχεν ἄπλατον, ἣν ὕβρεως ἕνεκεν Εὐρυσθεὺς προσέταξε καθᾶραι.
Having finished this labor also, he received a command from Eurystheus to clean the stable of Augeas without anyone helping; and this had an immense amount of dung accumulated over many years, which Eurystheus ordered him to clean for the sake of insult.
ὁ δʼ Ἡρακλῆς τὸ μὲν τοῖς ὤμοις ἐξενεγκεῖν ταύτην ἀπεδοκίμασεν, ἐκκλίνων τὴν ἐκ τῆς ὕβρεως αἰσχύνην· ἐπαγαγὼν δὲ τὸν Ἀλφειὸν καλούμενον ποταμὸν ἐπὶ τὴν αὐλήν, καὶ διὰ τοῦ ῥεύματος ἐκκαθάρας αὐτήν, χωρὶς ὕβρεως συνετέλεσε τὸν ἆθλον ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ.
But Heracles rejected the idea of carrying this out on his shoulders, avoiding the shame arising from the insult; and bringing the river called Alpheius into the stable, and having thoroughly cleaned it by its current, he accomplished the labor in a single day without insult.
διὸ καὶ θαυμάσαι τις ἂν τὴν ἐπίνοιαν· τὸ γὰρ ὑπερήφανον τοῦ προστάγματος χωρὶς αἰσχύνης ἐπετέλεσεν, οὐδὲν ὑπομείνας ἀνάξιον τῆς ἀθανασίας.
Wherefore one might marvel at his ingenuity; for he executed the insolent part of the command without shame, suffering nothing unworthy of his immortality.
§4.13.4μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα λαβὼν ἆθλον τὸν ἐκ Κρήτης ταῦρον ἀγαγεῖν, οὗ Πασιφάην ἐρασθῆναί φασι, πλεύσας εἰς τὴν νῆσον, καὶ Μίνω τὸν βασιλέα συνεργὸν λαβών, ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν εἰς Πελοπόννησον, τὸ τηλικοῦτον πέλαγος ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ναυστοληθείς.
After these things, having received a labor to bring the bull from Crete, with which they say Pasiphae fell in love, he sailed to the island, and taking King Minos as his helper, he brought it to Peloponnesus, having voyaged over so great a sea upon it.

Notes

  1. §4.13.1τὴν ἐπίνοιαν ἔσχεν οὐκ ἀχρηστοτέραν τῆς κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ῥώμης — The double negation (litotes) οὐκ ἀχρηστοτέραν (not less useful) is combined with the genitive of comparison τῆς κατὰ τὸ σῶμα ῥώμης (than bodily strength) to emphasize that he employed a mind or strategy no less useful than his physical strength.
  2. §4.13.2φιλοτέχνου δʼ ἐπινοίας ἡ πρᾶξις προσεδεῖτο — The verb προσεδεῖτο (imperfect of προσδέομαι, 'to stand in need of, require') takes the genitive object φιλοτέχνου... ἐπινοίας ('artful design / skillful plan').
  3. §4.13.2ἐκπολιορκήσας — The verb ἐκπολιορκέω (literally 'to force to surrender by siege') is used metaphorically here in the sense of 'flushing out' or 'completely driving out' the birds from the lake.
  4. §4.13.3θαυμάσαι τις ἂν — The optative θαυμάσαι with the particle ἂν forms a potential optative construction ('one would/might marvel at'), expressing potentiality or a confident, polite assertion.
  5. §4.13.4τὸ τηλικοῦτον πέλαγος ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ναυστοληθείς — The accusative τὸ τηλικοῦτον πέλαγος is an accusative of extent of space. The aorist passive participle ναυστοληθείς acts with a middle/active meaning ('having sailed/voyaged'), which, combined with ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ('upon it'), describes his voyage across the sea riding on the bull.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.13.1-4.13.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.13.1-4.13.4

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