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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.58.1-3.58.4

Early Life of Cybele, Her Inventions, and Love with Attis

Passage 219 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The Phrygian myth of the birth of the goddess Cybele (the Mountain Mother) is related, including her abandonment, her raising by wild beasts, her various inventions of musical instruments, her friendship with Marsyas, and her secret love and pregnancy with Attis.

§3.58.1παραδέδοται δὲ τῆς θεοῦ ταύτης καὶ κατὰ τὴν Φρυγίαν γένεσις.
birth of this goddess is also handed down in Phrygia.
οἱ γὰρ ἐγχώριοι μυθολογοῦσι τὸ παλαιὸν γενέσθαι βασιλέα Φρυγίας καὶ Λυδίας Μῄονα· γήμαντα δὲ Δινδύμην γεννῆσαι μὲν παιδίον θῆλυ, τρέφειν δʼ αὐτὸ μὴ βουλόμενον εἰς ὄρος ἐκθεῖναι τὸ προσαγορευόμενον Κύβελον.
For the inhabitants mythologize that in ancient times there was a king of Phrygia and Lydia, Meon; and having married Dindyme, he begot a female child, but not wishing to bring it up, he exposed it on the mountain called Cybelus.
ἐνταῦθα τῷ παιδίῳ κατά τινα θείαν πρόνοιαν τάς τε παρδάλεις καί τινα τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ἀλκῇ διαφερόντων θηρίων παρέχεσθαι τὴν θηλὴν καὶ διατρέφειν, §3.58.2γύναια δὲ τινα περὶ τὸν τόπον ποιμαίνοντα κατιδεῖν τὸ γινόμενον, καὶ θαυμάσαντα τὴν περιπέτειαν ἀνελέσθαι τὸ βρέφος, καὶ προσαγορεῦσαι Κυβέλην ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου.
There, by a certain divine providence, leopards and some of the other beasts outstanding in strength offered their teats to the child and nourished it. some women who were tending flocks near the place saw what was happening, and marveling at the turn of events, they took up the infant and named her Cybele after the place.
αὐξομένην δὲ τὴν παῖδα τῷ τε κάλλει καὶ σωφροσύνῃ διενεγκεῖν, ἔτι δὲ συνέσει γενέσθαι θαυμαστήν· τήν τε γὰρ πολυκάλαμον σύριγγα πρώτην ἐπινοῆσαι καὶ πρὸς τὰς παιδιὰς καὶ χορείας εὑρεῖν κύμβαλα καὶ τύμπανα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις καθαρμοὺς τῶν νοσούντων κτηνῶν τε καὶ νηπίων παίδων εἰσηγήσασθαι· §3.58.3διὸ καὶ τῶν βρεφῶν ταῖς ἐπῳδαῖς σωζομένων καὶ τῶν πλείστων ὑπʼ αὐτῆς ἐναγκαλιζομένων, διὰ τὴν εἰς ταῦτα σπουδὴν καὶ φιλοστοργίαν ὑπὸ πάντων αὐτὴν ὀρείαν μητέρα προσαγορευθῆναι.
As the girl grew up, she excelled in both beauty and prudence, and furthermore became wonderful in her understanding; for she was the first to devise the multi-reeded panpipe, and invented cymbals and drums for games and dances, and in addition to these, she introduced purifications for sick cattle and infant children. this reason, because the infants were saved by her incantations and most of them were embraced in her arms, because of her devotion and affection for these things, she was addressed by everyone as the Mountain Mother.
συναναστρέφεσθαι δʼ αὐτῇ καὶ φιλίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ πλέον φασὶ Μαρσύαν τὸν Φρύγα, θαυμαζόμενον ἐπὶ συνέσει καὶ σωφροσύνῃ· καὶ τῆς μὲν συνέσεως τεκμήριον λαμβάνουσι τὸ μιμήσασθαι τοὺς φθόγγους τῆς πολυκαλάμου σύριγγος καὶ μετενεγκεῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς αὐλοὺς τὴν ὅλην ἁρμονίαν, τῆς δὲ σωφροσύνης σημεῖον εἶναί φασι τὸ μέχρι τῆς τελευτῆς ἀπείρατον γενέσθαι τῶν ἀφροδισίων. §3.58.4τὴν οὖν Κυβέλην εἰς ἀκμὴν ἡλικίας ἐλθοῦσαν ἀγαπῆσαι τῶν ἐγχωρίων τινὰ νεανίσκον τὸν προσαγορευόμενον μὲν Ἄττιν, ὕστερον δʼ ἐπικληθέντα Πάπαν· συνελθοῦσαν δʼ εἰς ὁμιλίαν αὐτῷ λάθρᾳ καὶ γενομένην ἔγκυον ἐπιγνωσθῆναι κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν ὑπὸ τῶν γονέων.
And they say that Marsyas the Phrygian associated with her and held a special friendship with her, he being admired for his understanding and prudence; and as proof of his understanding they take his mimicking the sounds of the multi-reeded panpipe and transferring the entire harmony to the flutes, and they say it is a sign of his prudence that until his death he remained inexperienced in the matters of Aphrodite. when Cybele came to the prime of her youth, she loved a certain young man of the inhabitants, who was called Attis, but was later surnamed Papas; and having entered into relations with him secretly and having become pregnant, she was discovered at this time by her parents.

Notes

  1. §3.58.1γενέσθαι βασιλέα Φρυγίας καὶ Λυδίας Μῄονα· γήμαντα δὲ Δινδύμην γεννῆσαι μὲν παιδίον θῆλυ, τρέφειν δʼ αὐτὸ μὴ βουλόμενον εἰς ὄρος ἐκθεῖναι — An accusative-and-infinitival structure depending on μυθολογοῦσι. The accusative Μῄονα acts as the subject of the first infinitive γενέσθαι and also serves as the subject for the subsequent infinitives γεννῆσαι and ἐκθεῖναι. The accusative participles γήμαντα and βουλόμενον agree with and modify Μῄονα.
  2. §3.58.3τῶν βρεφῶν ταῖς ἐπῳδαῖς σωζομένων καὶ τῶν πλείστων ὑπʼ αὐτῆς ἐναγκαλιζομένων — The phrases τῶν βρεφῶν ... σωζομένων and τῶν πλείστων ... ἐναγκαλιζομένων form parallel genitive absolutes, expressing the cause or reason for the main clause infinitive προσαγορευθῆναι. The prepositional phrase ὑπʼ αὐτῆς modifies the passive participle ἐναγκαλιζομένων.
  3. §3.58.4συνελθοῦσαν δʼ εἰς ὁμιλίαν αὐτῷ λάθρᾳ καὶ γενομένην ἔγκυον ἐπιγνωσθῆναι — The subject of the passive infinitive ἐπιγνωσθῆναι is τὴν οὖν Κυβέλην from the beginning of the sentence. The accusative participles συνελθοῦσαν and γενομένην agree with this subject in gender, number, and case. The agent of the passive action is expressed by ὑπὸ τῶν γονέων.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.58.1-3.58.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.58.1-3.58.4

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