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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.28.1-3.28.6

The Ostrich-Eaters and Their Methods of Hunting

Passage 189 of 406 · Greek

Summary

This passage introduces the Ethiopian tribes of the west and south, focusing on the Struthophagoi (Ostrich-eaters) who hunt ostriches, detailing the creature's physical traits, unique running behavior, and hunting methods, as well as the tribe's defense against the Simoi using oryx horns.

§3.28.1τούτων δὲ τῶν γενῶν τὰ μὲν πρὸς ἑσπέραν μέρη κατοικοῦσιν Αἰθίοπες οἱ προσαγορευόμενοι Σιμοί, τὰ δὲ πρὸς μεσημβρίαν κεκλιμένα νέμεται τὸ τῶν Στρουθοφάγων γένος.
Of these tribes, those parts toward the west are inhabited by the Ethiopians called Simoi, while the region inclined toward the south is occupied by the tribe of the Struthophagoi.
§3.28.2ἔστι γὰρ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ὀρνέου τι γένος μεμιγμένην ἔχον τὴν φύσιν τῷ χερσαίῳ ζῴῳ, διʼ ἣν τῆς συνθέτου τέτευχε προσηγορίας.
For there is among them a certain kind of bird which has its nature mixed with that of land animals, because of which it has obtained its composite name.
τοῦτο δὲ μεγέθει μὲν οὐ λείπεται τῆς μεγίστης ἐλάφου, τὸν δὲ αὐχένα μακρὸν ἔχον καὶ περιφερεῖς τὰς πλευρὰς καὶ πτερωτὰς ὑπὸ τῆς φύσεως δεδημιούργηται.
This creature is not inferior in size to the largest deer, and having a long neck and rounded flanks, it has been fashioned by nature to be feathered.
καὶ κεφάλιον μὲν ἀσθενὲς ἔχει καὶ μικρόν, μηροῖς δὲ καὶ κώλοις ὑπάρχει καρτερώτατον, §3.28.3διχήλου τῆς βάσεως οὔσης.
It has a weak and small head, but is extremely strong in its thighs and legs, its base being cloven-hoofed.
τοῦτο πέτεσθαι μὲν μετέωρον οὐ δύναται διὰ τὸ βάρος, τρέχει δὲ πάντων ὠκύτατον, μικρὸν ἄκροις τοῖς ποσὶ τῆς γῆς ἐπιψαῦον· μάλιστα δʼ ὅταν κατʼ ἀνέμου πνοὰς ἐξαίρῃ τὰς πτέρυγας, ὑπεξάγει καθαπερεί τις ναῦς ἱστιοδρομοῦσα·
This bird is unable to fly on high because of its weight, but runs swiftest of all, barely touching the earth with the tips of its feet; and especially whenever it raises its wings against the gusts of wind, it flees away just like a ship sailing under canvas.
τοὺς δὲ διώκοντας ἀμύνεται διὰ τῶν ποδῶν ἀποσφενδονῶν παραδόξως λίθους χειροπληθιαίους.
It defends itself against its pursuers by slinging with its feet, in a wondrous manner, stones as large as a hand can hold.
§3.28.4ὅταν δʼ ἐν νηνεμίᾳ διώκηται, ταχὺ συνιδρουσῶν τῶν πτερύγων ἀδυνατεῖ χρήσασθαι τοῖς τῆς φύσεως προτερήμασι, καὶ ῥᾳδίως καταλαμβανόμενον ἁλίσκεται.
But whenever it is pursued in a calm, its wings quickly becoming wet with sweat, it is unable to make use of its natural advantages, and being easily overtaken, it is captured.
§3.28.5τούτων δὲ τῶν ζῴων ἀμυθήτων ὄντων τῷ πλήθει κατὰ τὴν χώραν, οἱ βάρβαροι παντοδαπὰς μηχανὰς ἐπινοοῦσι κατʼ αὐτῶν τῆς θήρας· ῥᾳδίως δὲ πολλῶν ἁλισκομένων ταῖς μὲν σαρξὶ χρῶνται πρὸς διατροφήν, ταῖς δὲ δοραῖς πρὸς ἐσθῆτα καὶ στρωμνήν.
Since these animals are inexpressible in number throughout the region, the barbarians devise all kinds of devices for hunting them; and as many are easily captured, they use the flesh for food and the skins for clothing and bedding.
§3.28.6ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν Σιμῶν ὀνομαζομένων Αἰθιόπων πολεμούμενοι διακινδυνεύουσι πρὸς τοὺς ἐπιτιθεμένους, ὅπλοις ἀμυντηρίοις χρώμενοι τοῖς τῶν ὀρύγων κέρασι· ταῦτα δὲ μεγάλα καὶ τμητικὰ καθεστῶτα μεγάλην παρέχεται χρείαν, δαψιλείας οὔσης κατὰ τὴν χώραν διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐχόντων αὐτὰ ζῴων.
And when war is made upon them by the Ethiopians called Simoi, they risk their lives against the attackers, using as defensive weapons the horns of oryxes; these horns, being large and sharp, provide great utility, since there is an abundance of them in the country owing to the multitude of the animals that possess them.

Notes

  1. 3.28.2μεμιγμένην ἔχον τὴν φύσιν — The participle `ἔχον` (nominative neuter singular, agreeing with `ὀρνέου τι γένος`) takes the object `τὴν φύσιν` (accusative) accompanied by the perfect passive participle `μεμιγμένην` (accusative feminine singular) as a secondary predicate, meaning 'having its nature in a mixed state'.
  2. 3.28.3διχήλου τῆς βάσεως οὔσης — A genitive absolute construction where `τῆς βάσεως` is the logical subject, `οὔσης` is the participle of the copula, and `διχήλου` is the predicate adjective, serving as a supplementary explanation of the bird's anatomy.
  3. 3.28.3ὑπεξάγει — Used intransitively with the meaning 'to withdraw quickly' or 'flee.' It is modified by the comparative phrase in the nominative, `καθαπερεί τις ναῦς ἱστιοδρομοῦσα` ('just like some ship sailing under canvas'), describing the swift flight of the ostrich.
  4. 3.28.6δαψιλείας οὔσης — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause ('since there is an abundance'). The specific reason for this abundance is further elaborated by the immediately following prepositional phrase `διὰ τὸ πλῆθος...` ('due to the multitude...').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.28.1-3.28.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.28.1-3.28.6

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