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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.24.1-3.24.4

The Hylophagoi and Spermatophagoi Living in Trees

Passage 185 of 406 · Greek

Summary

This section describes the customs of the Hylophagoi and Spermatophagoi, their incredible physical agility in trees, and their social practices, including their harsh end due to blindness and hunger.

§3.24.1ἑπόμενοι δὲ τούτοις εἰσὶν οἵ τε Ὑλοφάγοι καὶ οἱ Σπερματοφάγοι καλούμενοι.
Following these are those called the Hylophagoi and the Spermatophagoi.
τούτων δʼ οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ τὴν θερείαν τὸν πίπτοντα καρπὸν ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων ὄντα πολὺν ἀθροίζοντες ἀπόνως διατρέφονται, κατὰ δὲ τὸν ἄλλον καιρὸν τῆς βοτάνης τῆς ἐν ταῖς σκιαζομέναις συναγκείαις φυομένης προσφέρονται τὴν προσηνεστάτην· στερεὰ γὰρ οὖσα τὴν φύσιν, καὶ καυλὸν ἔχουσα παραπλήσιον ταῖς λεγομέναις βουνιάσιν, ἐκπληροῖ τὴν τῆς ἀναγκαίας τροφῆς ἔνδειαν.
Of these, the latter during the summer gather the fruit that falls from the trees, which is abundant, and support themselves without labor; and during the rest of the year they feed on the most palatable of the herbs that grow in the shaded glens; for since this is firm in its nature, and has a stalk similar to the so-called bounias, it supplies their lack of necessary food.
§3.24.2οἱ δὲ Ὑλοφάγοι μετὰ τέκνων καὶ γυναικῶν ἐπὶ τὰς νομὰς ἐξιόντες ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰ δένδρα καὶ τοὺς ἁπαλοὺς τῶν ἀκρεμόνων προσφέρονται.
But the Hylophagoi, going out to their feeding-grounds with their children and wives, climb up the trees and feed on the tender shoots of the branches.
τοιαύτην δʼ ἐκ τῆς συνεχοῦς μελέτης τὴν ἐπʼ ἄκρους τοὺς κλάδους ἀναδρομὴν ποιοῦνται πάντες ὥστε ἄπιστον εἶναι τὸ γινόμενον· καὶ γὰρ μεταπηδῶσιν ἀφʼ ἑτέρου ἐφʼ ἕτερον δένδρον ὁμοίως τοῖς ὀρνέοις, καὶ τὰς ἀναβάσεις ἐπὶ τῶν λεπτοτάτων κλάδων ποιοῦνται χωρὶς κινδύνων.
And they all make their ascent to the very tips of the branches with such agility, because of their constant practice, that what takes place is incredible; for they even leap from one tree to another like birds, and make their ascent upon the thinnest branches without danger.
§3.24.3ἰσχνότητι γὰρ σώματος καὶ κουφότητι διαφέροντες, ἐπειδὰν τοῖς ποσὶ σφάλλωνται, ταῖς χερσὶν ἀντιλαμβάνονται· κἂν τύχωσι πεσόντες ἀφʼ ὕψους, οὐδὲν πάσχουσι διὰ τὴν κουφότητα· καὶ πάντα δὲ κλάδον ἔγχυλον τοῖς ὀδοῦσι κατεργαζόμενοι πέττουσιν εὐκόπως ταῖς κοιλίαις.
For excelling in thinness and lightness of body, whenever they slip with their feet, they catch themselves with their hands; and even if they happen to fall from a height, they suffer no harm because of their lightness; and grinding up every juicy branch with their teeth, they digest it easily in their stomachs.
§3.24.4οὗτοι δʼ ἀεὶ βιοῦσι γυμνοὶ μὲν ἐσθῆτος, κοιναῖς δὲ χρώμενοι γυναιξὶν ἀκολούθως καὶ τοὺς γεννηθέντας παῖδας κοινοὺς ἡγοῦνται.
And these people always live naked of clothing, and keeping their wives in common, they consequently regard the children who are born as also common to all.
διαπολεμοῦσι δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ τῶν τόπων ῥάβδοις ὡπλισμένοι, καὶ ταύταις ἀμυνόμενοι τοὺς ἐναντίους διασπῶσι τοὺς χειρωθέντας.
They wage war against one another for their territories, armed with clubs, and defending themselves with these, they tear to pieces those whom they have overcome.
τελευτῶσι δʼ αὐτῶν οἱ πλεῖστοι λιμῷ καταπονηθέντες, ὅταν τῶν ὀμμάτων ἀπογλαυκωθέντων τὸ σῶμα στερηθῇ τῆς ἀναγκαίας ἐκ ταύτης τῆς αἰσθήσεως χρείας.
Most of them die worn out by hunger, when, their eyes having grown dim with cataracts, the body is deprived of the necessary assistance derived from this sense.

Notes

  1. 3.24.1τούτων δʼ οἱ μὲν — Meaning "Of these (the Hylophagoi and Spermatophagoi), the former (Spermatophagoi)", which stands in contrast to `οἱ δὲ Ὑλοφάγοι` ("but the Hylophagoi") in the next section.
  2. 3.24.1τὴν φύσιν — An accusative of respect modifying the adjective `στερεὰ` ("firm"), meaning "in its nature" or "by nature."
  3. 3.24.2τοιαύτην δʼ ἐκ τῆς συνεχοῦς μελέτης τὴν ἐπʼ ἄκρους τοὺς κλάδους ἀναδρομὴν — A hyperbaton where `τοιαύτην` is widely separated from its noun `ἀναδρομὴν`. This `τοιαύτην` correlates with the following `ὥστε` to express degree ("such... that").
  4. 3.24.3κἂν τύχωσι πεσόντες — A combination of the conjunction `κἄν` (= καὶ ἐάν) and the verb `τυγχάνω` with the aorist participle `πεσόντες`, conveying a hypothetical sense: "even if they should happen to fall."
  5. 3.24.4ἀκολούθως — An adverb meaning "consequently" or "in accordance with this," showing that as a logical consequence of keeping their wives in common (`κοιναῖς δὲ χρώμενοι γυναιξὶν`), they also regard the children born from them as common property.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.24.1-3.24.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.24.1-3.24.4

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