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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.23.1-3.23.3

The Rhizophagoi and the Mosquitoes Repelling Lions

Passage 184 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The author shifts focus from the Babylonian coast to Ethiopia, describing the diet of the Rhizophagoi (Root-eaters) who process reed roots along the Asas river. He also accounts for the threat they face from desert lions and how a seasonal plague of mosquitoes drives the lions away, saving the inhabitants.

§3.23.1διεληλυθότες δὲ περὶ τῶν παροικούντων τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας παράλιον ἕως Ἀραβίου κόλπου, περὶ τῶν ἑξῆς τούτοις ἐθνῶν διέξιμεν.
Having completed our account of those dwelling along the coast from Babylonia to the Arabian Gulf, we shall proceed to describe the nations that follow them.
κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν τὴν ὑπὲρ Αἰγύπτου παρὰ τὸν Ἄσαν καλούμενον ποταμὸν παροικεῖ τὸ τῶν Ῥιζοφάγων ἔθνος.
For in the part of Ethiopia that lies above Egypt, along the river called Asas, dwells the nation of the Rhizophagoi.
ἐκ γὰρ τῶν πλησιοχώρων τὰς ῥίζας τῶν καλάμων ὀρύττοντες οἱ βάρβαροι πλύνουσι φιλοτίμως· ποιήσαντες δὲ καθαρὰς κόπτουσι λίθοις, μέχρι ἂν γένηται τὸ ἔργον λεῖον καὶ κολλῶδες· ἔπειτα περιπλάσαντες χειροπληθιαίους ὄγκους ἐν ἡλίῳ παροπτῶσι, καὶ ταύτῃ χρώμενοι τροφῇ πάντα τὸν βίον διατελοῦσιν.
For the barbarians, digging up the roots of the reeds from the neighboring lands, wash them with great care; and having made them clean, they pound them with stones until the product becomes smooth and sticky; then, having molded it into masses that fill the hand, they bake them in the sun, and using this food, they pass their entire lives.
§3.23.2ἀνεκλείπτους δʼ ἔχοντες τὰς τῆς τροφῆς ταύτης δαψιλείας, καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀεὶ εἰρήνην ἄγοντες, ὑπὸ πλήθους λεόντων πολεμοῦνται· ἐμπύρου γὰρ τοῦ πέριξ ἀέρος ὄντος ἐκ τῆς ἐρήμου πρὸς αὐτοὺς φοιτῶσι λέοντες σκιᾶς ἕνεκεν, οἱ δὲ καὶ θήρας τῶν ἐλαττόνων θηρίων.
Though they have an inexhaustible abundance of this food, and always live in peace with one another, they are preyed upon by a multitude of lions; for since the surrounding air is burning hot, lions come to them from the desert for the sake of shade, and some also for the sake of hunting smaller beasts.
διόπερ τοὺς ἐκ τῶν τελμάτων ἐξιόντας τῶν Αἰθιόπων ὑπὸ τούτων τῶν θηρίων ἀναλίσκεσθαι συμβαίνει· ἀδυνατοῦσι γὰρ ὑφίστασθαι τὰς ἀλκὰς τῶν λεόντων, ὡς ἂν μηδεμίαν βοήθειαν ὅπλων ἔχοντες, καὶ πέρας ἄρδην ἂν αὐτῶν διεφθάρη τὸ γένος, εἰ μὴ ἡ φύσις τι αὐτοῖς αὐτόματον ἐποίησε βοήθημα.
Therefore, it happens that those of the Ethiopians who emerge from the marshes are consumed by these beasts; for they are unable to withstand the strength of the lions, as they have no protection of weapons, and in the end their race would have been utterly destroyed, if nature had not provided some spontaneous aid for them.
§3.23.3ὑπὸ γὰρ τὴν ἀνατολὴν τοῦ κυνὸς παραδόξως γινομένης νηνεμίας περὶ τοὺς τόπους τοσοῦτο πλῆθος ἀθροίζεται κωνώπων, ὑπερέχον δυνάμει τοὺς γνωριζομένους, ὥστε τοὺς μὲν ἀνθρώπους καταφυγόντας εἰς τὰς ἑλώδεις λίμνας μηδὲν πάσχειν, τοὺς δὲ λέοντας πάντας φεύγειν ἐκ τῶν τόπων, ἅμα μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ δηγμοῦ κακουχουμένους, ἅμα δὲ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς φωνῆς ἦχον καταπεπληγμένους.
For around the rising of the Dog Star, a strange calm of the wind occurring in these places, so great a multitude of mosquitoes gathers, surpassing in power those known to us, that while the men, fleeing into the marshy lakes, suffer no harm, all the lions flee from the places, being on the one hand tormented by the bites, and on the other hand terrified by the sound of their noise.

Notes

  1. 3.23.2ὡς ἂν μηδεμίαν βοήθειαν ὅπλων ἔχοντες — The particle ἄν combined with the conjunction ὡς modifying the participle ἔχοντες. It expresses a subjective or hypothetical reason, suggesting 'as they would have no protection of weapons.'
  2. 3.23.2ἄρδην ἂν αὐτῶν διεφθάρη τὸ γένος, εἰ μὴ ἡ φύσις τι αὐτοῖς αὐτόματον ἐποίησε βοήθημα — A past contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. The apodosis uses ἄν with the aorist indicative passive/intransitive διεφθάρη, and the protasis uses εἰ with the active aorist indicative ἐποίησε, meaning 'their race would have been utterly destroyed, if nature had not provided...'
  3. 3.23.3ὑπὸ τὴν ἀνατολὴν τοῦ κυνὸς — The preposition ὑπό with the accusative indicates temporal proximity ('around the time of'). The genitive τοῦ κυνὸς ('of the dog') refers to the Dog Star (Sirius), denoting the rising of Sirius in mid-summer which heralds the hottest season.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.23.1-3.23.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.23.1-3.23.3

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