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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.2.1-3.2.4

The Antiquity and Celebrated Piety of the Ethiopians

Passage 163 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The text argues that the Ethiopians were the first of all mankind, that their land first brought forth life, and that they established the worship of the gods, citing Homer as a witness to their celebrated piety.

§3.2.1Αἰθίοπας τοίνυν ἱστοροῦσι πρώτους ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων γεγονέναι, καὶ τὰς ἀποδείξεις τούτων ἐμφανεῖς εἶναί φασιν.
they relate that the Ethiopians were the first of all mankind, and they say that the proofs of these things are manifest.
ὅτι μὲν γὰρ οὐκ ἐπήλυδες ἐλθόντες, ἀλλʼ ἐγγενεῖς ὄντες τῆς χώρας δικαίως αὐτόχθονες ὀνομάζονται, σχεδὸν παρὰ πᾶσι συμφωνεῖσθαι· ὅτι δὲ τοὺς ὑπὸ τὴν μεσημβρίαν οἰκοῦντας πιθανόν ἐστι πρώτους ὑπὸ τῆς γῆς ἐζωογονῆσθαι, προφανὲς ὑπάρχειν ἅπασι· τῆς γὰρ περὶ τὸν ἥλιον θερμασίας ἀναξηραινούσης τὴν γῆν ὑγρὰν οὖσαν ἔτι κατὰ τὴν τῶν ὅλων γένεσιν καὶ ζωογονούσης, εἰκὸς εἶναι τὸν ἐγγυτάτω τόπον ὄντα τοῦ ἡλίου πρῶτον ἐνεγκεῖν φύσεις ἐμψύχους. §3.2.2φασὶ δὲ παρʼ αὐτοῖς πρώτοις καταδειχθῆναι θεοὺς τιμᾶν καὶ θυσίας ἐπιτελεῖν καὶ πομπὰς καὶ πανηγύρεις καὶ τἄλλα διʼ ὧν ἄνθρωποι τὸ θεῖον τιμῶσι· διὸ καὶ τὴν παρʼ αὐτοῖς εὐσέβειαν διαβεβοῆσθαι παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις, καὶ δοκεῖν τὰς παρʼ Αἰθίοψι θυσίας μάλιστʼ εἶναι τῷ δαιμονίῳ κεχαρισμένας. §3.2.3μάρτυρα δὲ τούτων παρέχονται τὸν πρεσβύτατον σχεδὸν καὶ μάλιστα τῶν ποιητῶν θαυμαζόμενον παρʼ Ἕλλησι· τοῦτον γὰρ κατὰ τὴν Ἰλιάδα παρεισάγειν τόν τε Δία καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους μετʼ αὐτοῦ θεοὺς ἀποδημοῦντας εἰς Αἰθιοπίαν πρός τε τὰς θυσίας τὰς ἀπονεμομένας αὐτοῖς κατʼ ἔτος καὶ εὐωχίαν κοινὴν παρὰ τοῖς Αἰθίοψι, "Ζεὺς γὰρ ἐς ὠκεανὸν μετʼ ἀμύμονας Αἰθιοπῆας χθιζὸς ἔβη μετὰ δαῖτα, θεοὶ δʼ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο. " §3.2.4λέγουσι δὲ καὶ τῆς εἰς τὸ θεῖον εὐσεβείας φανερῶς αὐτοὺς κομίζεσθαι τὰς χάριτας, μηδέποτε δεσποτείας ἐπήλυδος πεῖραν λαβόντας· ἐξ αἰῶνος γὰρ ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ μεμενηκέναι καὶ τῇ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὁμονοίᾳ, πολλῶν μὲν καὶ δυνατῶν ἐστρατευκότων ἐπʼ αὐτούς,
For on the one hand, that they did not arrive as immigrants, but being native to the land are justly called "autochthons," is agreed upon by almost all; and on the other hand, that it is probable that those who dwell under the south were the first to be endowed with life by the earth is obvious to all; for since the heat of the sun dried the earth, which was still wet at the birth of the universe, and gave it life, it is reasonable that the place closest to the sun was the first to bring forth living natures. they say that among them first it was established to honor the gods and to perform sacrifices and processions and festivals and the other things by which men honor the divine; and that therefore their piety has been famous among all men, and the sacrifices among the Ethiopians seem to be most pleasing to the deity. as a witness of these things they present the one who is almost the oldest and most admired of the poets among the Greeks; for they say that he, in the Iliad, introduces Zeus and the other gods with him departing for Ethiopia to attend the sacrifices offered to them annually and a common feast among the Ethiopians: "For Zeus went yesterday to Oceanus, to the blameless Ethiopians, for a feast, and all the gods followed together." they say also that they receive the rewards of their piety toward the divine in a manifest way, having never experienced an invading foreign rule; for from eternity they have remained in freedom and in harmony with one another, although many and powerful nations have made expeditions against them,

Notes

  1. §3.2.1συμφωνεῖσθαι — This infinitive, as well as the following ὑπάρχειν and εἰκὸς εἶναι, is an infinitive of indirect discourse depending on the main verb φασίν. The conjunction ὅτι introduces a noun clause that functions as the subject of the passive infinitive συμφωνεῖσθαι.
  2. §3.2.1τῆς γὰρ περὶ τὸν ἥλιον θερμασίας — A genitive absolute construction with τῆς ... θερμασίας as the subject and the participles ἀναξηραινούσης and ζωογονούσης as predicates, expressing the cause or time of the sun's heat acting on the early earth.
  3. §3.2.2καταδειχθῆναι — An infinitive in the passive voice depending on the main verb φασί. The subject of this passive infinitive consists of the series of following infinitive clauses and nouns, starting with θεοὺς τιμᾶν (to honor the gods).
  4. §3.2.3παρεισάγειν — An infinitive of indirect discourse with the poet (Homer) as its subject. It takes the accusatives τόν τε Δία καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ... θεοὺς as its direct object and the present participle ἀποδημοῦντας as an object complement (participium coniunctum) depicting them in the act of departing.
  5. §3.2.4πολλῶν μὲν καὶ δυνατῶν ἐστρατευκότων — A genitive absolute construction with πολλῶν καὶ δυνατῶν as the subject, expressing concession ("although many and powerful nations made expeditions") in contrast to their continuous freedom.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.2.1-3.2.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.2.1-3.2.4

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