§2.43.1περὶ δὲ τῶν Σκυθῶν τῶν οἰκούντων τὴν ὅμορον χώραν ἐν μέρει διέξιμεν.
On the other hand, concerning the Scythians who inhabit the neighboring country, we shall recount in turn.
οὗτοι γὰρ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὀλίγην ἐνέμοντο χώραν, ὕστερον δὲ κατʼ ὀλίγον αὐξηθέντες διὰ τὰς ἀλκὰς καὶ τὴν ἀνδρείαν πολλὴν μὲν κατεκτήσαντο χώραν, τὸ δʼ ἔθνος εἰς μεγάλην ἡγεμονίαν καὶ δόξαν προήγαγον.
For these people, at the beginning, inhabited only a small country, but later, growing little by little by reason of their strength and bravery, they acquired much territory, and advanced their nation to a great empire and glory.
§2.43.2τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον παρὰ τὸν Ἀράξην ποταμὸν ὀλίγοι κατῴκουν παντελῶς καὶ διὰ τὴν ἀδοξίαν καταφρονούμενοι· ἕνα δὲ τῶν ἀρχαίων ἔχοντες βασιλέα φιλοπόλεμον καὶ διαφέροντα στρατηγίᾳ προσεκτήσαντο χώραν, τῆς μὲν ὀρεινῆς ἕως πρὸς τὸν Καύκασον, τῆς δὲ πεδινῆς τὰ παρὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν καὶ τὴν Μαιῶτιν λίμνην καὶ τὴν ἄλλην χώραν ἕως Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ.
At first, indeed, they lived along the Araxes river, utterly few in number and despised because of their lack of renown; but since they had one of their ancient kings who was warlike and eminent in generalship, they acquired additional territory: of the mountainous region as far as the Caucasus, and of the plains the parts along the ocean and the Maeotis lake, and the other country as far as the Tanais river.
§2.43.3ὕστερον δὲ μυθολογοῦσι Σκύθαι παρʼ αὑτοῖς γενέσθαι γηγενῆ παρθένον· ταύτην δʼ ἔχειν τὰ μὲν ἄνω μέρη τοῦ σώματος μέχρι τῆς ζώνης γυναικεῖα, τὰ δὲ κατώτερα ἐχίδνης.
Later, the Scythians tell a myth that there was born among them a earth-born virgin; and this virgin had the upper parts of her body as far as the waist of a woman, but the lower parts of a viper.
ταύτῃ δὲ Δία μιγέντα γεννῆσαι παῖδα Σκύθην ὄνομα.
And Zeus, having united with her, begat a son named Scythes.
τοῦτον δὲ γενόμενον ἐπιφανέστατον τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ τοὺς λαοὺς ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ Σκύθας προσαγορεῦσαι.
He, having become the most illustrious of those before him, called the people Scythians after himself.
τῶν δὲ ἀπογόνων τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως ἀδελφοὺς δύο γενέσθαι διαφόρους ἀρετῇ, καὶ τὸν μὲν Πάλον, τὸν §2.43.4δὲ Νάπην ὠνομάσθαι.
And among the descendants of this king there were born two brothers eminent in virtue, and one was named Palos, and the other Napes.
τούτων δʼ ἐπιφανεῖς πράξεις κατεργασαμένων καὶ διελομένων τὴν βασιλείαν, ἀφʼ ἑκατέρου τοὺς λαοὺς τοὺς μὲν Πάλους, τοὺς δὲ Νάπας προσαγορευθῆναι.
When these had accomplished illustrious deeds and divided the kingdom, from each of them the peoples were called, the one Paloi, and the other Napai.
μετὰ δέ τινας χρόνους τοὺς ἀπογόνους τούτων τῶν βασιλέων ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ στρατηγίᾳ διενεγκόντας πολλὴν μὲν πέραν τοῦ Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ χώραν καταστρέψασθαι μέχρι τῆς Θρᾴκης, ἐπὶ δὲ θάτερα μέρη στρατεύσαντας διατεῖναι τῇ δυνάμει μέχρι τοῦ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον Νείλου.
After some times, the descendants of these kings, outstanding in bravery and generalship, conquered much country beyond the Tanais river as far as Thrace, and marching to the other parts, extended their power as far as the Nile in Egypt.
§2.43.5πολλὰ δὲ καὶ μεγάλα τῶν ἀνὰ μέσον τούτων ἐθνῶν καταδουλωσαμένους προβιβάσαι τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῶν Σκυθῶν τῇ μὲν ἐπὶ τὸν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ὠκεανόν, τῇ δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν Κασπίαν θάλατταν καὶ Μαιῶτιν λίμνην· ηὐξήθη γὰρ ἐπὶ πολὺ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος καὶ βασιλεῖς ἔσχεν ἀξιολόγους, ἀφʼ ὧν τοὺς μὲν Σάκας προσαγορευθῆναι, τοὺς δὲ Μασσαγέτας, τινὰς δʼ Ἀριμασπούς, καὶ τούτοις ὁμοίως ἄλλους πλείονας.
And having enslaved many great nations of those in between, they advanced the empire of the Scythians, on the one hand, as far as the eastern ocean, and on the other hand, as far as the Caspian Sea and the Maeotis lake; for this nation grew to a great extent and had notable kings, from whom some were called Sacae, others Massagetae, some Arimaspi, and in like manner many others.
§2.43.6ὑπὸ δὲ τούτων τῶν βασιλέων πολλὰ μὲν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν καταπολεμηθέντων ἐθνῶν μετῳκίσθαι, δύο δὲ μεγίστας ἀποικίας γενέσθαι, τὴν μὲν ἐκ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων μετασταθεῖσαν εἰς τὴν μεταξὺ χώραν τῆς τε Παφλαγονίας καὶ τοῦ Πόντου, τὴν δʼ ἐκ τῆς Μηδίας παρὰ τὸν Τάναϊν καθιδρυθεῖσαν, ἧς τοὺς λαοὺς Σαυρομάτας ὀνομασθῆναι.
And by these kings many of the other conquered nations were also relocated, and two of the largest colonies were established: one transferred from the Assyrians into the land between Paphlagonia and Pontus, and the other settled from Media along the Tanais, whose people were named Sauromatae.
§2.43.7τούτους δʼ ὕστερον πολλοῖς ἔτεσιν αὐξηθέντας πορθῆσαι πολλὴν τῆς Σκυθίας, καὶ τοὺς καταπολεμηθέντας ἄρδην ἀναιροῦντας ἔρημον ποιῆσαι τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος τῆς χώρας.
These, in later years, having increased, devastated much of Scythia, and utterly destroying the conquered, made the greater part of the country a desert.