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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.20.1-2.20.5

The Death of Semiramis and the Courtesan Tradition

Passage 120 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The end of Semiramis is described, comparing the account of her yielding the throne to her son and disappearing to become a dove, with an alternative version where a beautiful courtesan seized power for herself after persuading the king to let her rule for five days.

§2.20.1μετὰ δέ τινα χρόνον ὑπὸ Νινύου τοῦ οἱοῦ διʼ εὐνούχου τινὸς ἐπιβουλευθεῖσα, καὶ τὸ παρʼ Ἄμμωνος λόγιον ἀνανεωσαμένη, τὸν ἐπιβουλεύσαντα κακὸν οὐδὲν εἰργάσατο, τοὐναντίον δὲ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῷ παραδοῦσα καὶ τοῖς ὑπάρχοις ἀκούειν ἐκείνου προστάξασα, ταχέως ἠφάνισεν ἑαυτήν, ὡς εἰς θεοὺς κατὰ τὸν χρησμὸν μεταστησομένη.
After some time, having been plotted against by her son Ninyas through a certain eunuch, and having recalled the oracle from Ammon, she did no harm to the plotter; on the contrary, having handed over the kingdom to him and having ordered the governors to obey him, she quickly made herself disappear, as if she were about to be translated to the gods according to the oracle.
§2.20.2ἔνιοι δὲ μυθολογοῦντές φασιν αὐτὴν γενέσθαι περιστεράν, καὶ πολλῶν ὀρνέων εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν καταπετασθέντων μετʼ ἐκείνων ἐκπετασθῆναι· διὸ καὶ τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους τὴν περιστερὰν τιμᾶν ὡς θεόν, ἀπαθανατίζοντας τὴν Σεμίραμιν.
But some, telling a mythical tale, say that she became a dove, and that when many birds flew down into her house, she flew away with them; for which reason the Assyrians honor the dove as a god, deifying Semiramis.
αὕτη μὲν οὖν βασιλεύσασα τῆς Ἀσίας ἁπάσης πλὴν Ἰνδῶν ἐτελεύτησε τὸν προειρημένον τρόπον, βιώσασα μὲν ἔτη ἑξήκοντα δύο, βασιλεύσασα δὲ δύο πρὸς τοῖς τετταράκοντα.
She, then, having ruled over all Asia except for the Indians, died in the aforementioned manner, having lived sixty-two years and having reigned forty-two.
§2.20.3Κτησίας μὲν οὖν ὁ Κνίδιος περὶ Σεμιράμιδος τοιαῦθʼ ἱστόρηκεν· Ἀθήναιος δὲ καί τινες τῶν ἄλλων συγγραφέων φασὶν αὐτὴν ἑταίραν γεγονέναι εὐπρεπῆ, καὶ διὰ τὸ κάλλος ἐρωτικῶς ἔχειν αὐτῆς τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων.
Ctesias of Cnidus has indeed recorded such things about Semiramis; but Athenaeus and some of the other historians say that she was a beautiful courtesan, and that on account of her beauty the king of the Assyrians was passionately in love with her.
§2.20.4τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον μετρίας αὐτὴν ἀποδοχῆς τυγχάνειν ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα γνησίαν ἀναγορευθεῖσαν γυναῖκα πεῖσαι τὸν βασιλέα πένθʼ ἡμέρας αὐτῇ παραχωρῆσαι τῆς βασιλείας.
At first, then, she met with moderate acceptance in the palace, but after this, having been declared his lawful wife, she persuaded the king to yield the kingdom to her for five days.
§2.20.5τὴν δὲ Σεμίραμιν ἀναλαβοῦσαν τό τε σκῆπτρον καὶ τὴν βασίλειον στολὴν κατὰ μὲν τὴν πρώτην ἡμέραν εὐωχίαν ποιῆσαι καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῆ δεῖπνα, ἐν οἷς τοὺς τῶν δυνάμεων ἡγεμόνας καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους πεῖσαι συμπράττειν ἑαυτῇ· τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ τοῦ τε πλήθους καὶ τῶν ἀξιολογωτάτων ἀνδρῶν ὡς βασίλισσαν θεραπευόντων τὸν μὲν ἄνδρα καταβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν εἱρκτήν, αὐτὴν δὲ φύσει μεγαλεπίβολον οὖσαν καὶ τολμηρὰν κατασχεῖν τὴν ἀρχήν, καὶ μέχρι γήρως βασιλεύσασαν πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα κατεργάσασθαι.
And Semiramis, having assumed both the scepter and the royal robe, on the first day held a feast and magnificent banquets, in which she persuaded the commanders of the forces and all the most illustrious men to cooperate with her; and on the following day, while the multitude and the most noteworthy men were paying court to her as queen, she threw her husband into prison, and she herself, being by nature high-minded and daring, seized the power, and having ruled until old age, accomplished many great deeds.
περὶ μὲν οὖν τῶν κατὰ Σεμίραμιν τοιαύτας ἀντιλογίας εἶναι συμβαίνει παρὰ τοῖς συγγραφεῦσι.
Thus, concerning the matters of Semiramis, it happens that there are such contradictions among the historians.

Notes

  1. 2.20.1ἐπιβουλευθεῖσα — Aorist passive participle, feminine nominative singular, agreeing with the implied subject (Semiramis). It takes the agents ὑπὸ Νινύου ("by Ninyas") and διʼ εὐνούχου τινὸς ("through a certain eunuch") to show the plot formed against her.
  2. 2.20.1ὡς εἰς θεοὺς κατὰ τὸν χρησμὸν μεταστησομένη — The particle ὡς with the future participle (μεταστησομένη) expresses the subjective purpose, intention, or pretext of the agent ("as if about to be translated to the gods").
  3. 2.20.2ἀπαθανατίζοντας — Present active participle, masculine accusative plural, agreeing with the accusative subject τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους, describing their ongoing state or action of immortalizing (deifying) Semiramis.
  4. 2.20.3ἐρωτικῶς ἔχειν αὐτῆς τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων — An accusative-and-infinitive construction in indirect speech dependent on φασίν. The verb ἔχω with the adverb ἐρωτικῶς means "to be in a passionate state" (i.e., to be in love). The genitive αὐτῆς serves as the objective genitive indicating the object of this passion.
  5. 2.20.5τοῦ τε πλήθους καὶ τῶν ἀξιολογωτάτων ἀνδρῶν ὡς βασίλισσαν θεραπευόντων — A genitive absolute construction (τοῦ πλήθους... θεραπευόντων) expressing temporal circumstance ("while the multitude... were paying court"). The particle ὡς expresses the capacity or status of Semiramis ("as queen").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.20.1-2.20.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.20.1-2.20.5

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