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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.2.1-2.2.4

Ninus's Conquests in Asia and the Site for His City

Passage 102 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Ninus conceives an ambition to conquer all of Asia and subdues numerous nations under his rule. Postponing his campaign against Bactria, he returns to Assyria to select a site for founding a great city.

§2.2.1οὕτω δὲ τῶν πραγμάτων τῷ Νίνῳ προχωρούντων δεινὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔσχε τοῦ καταστρέψασθαι τὴν Ἀσίαν ἅπασαν τὴν ἐντὸς Τανάιδος καὶ Νείλου· ὡς ἐπίπαν γὰρ τοῖς εὐτυχοῦσιν ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων εὔροια τὴν τοῦ πλείονος ἐπιθυμίαν παρίστησι.
As things thus proceeded favorably for Ninus, he conceived a terrible desire to subdue the whole of Asia within the Tanais and the Nile; for in general, for those who are successful, the smooth flow of affairs produces a desire for more.
διόπερ τῆς μὲν Μηδίας σατράπην ἕνα τῶν περὶ αὑτὸν φίλων κατέστησεν, αὐτὸς δʼ ἐπῄει τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν ἔθνη καταστρεφόμενος, καὶ χρόνον ἑπτακαιδεκαετῆ καταναλώσας πλὴν Ἰνδῶν καὶ Βακτριανῶν τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων κύριος ἐγένετο.
Therefore, he appointed one of the friends about him as satrap of Media, while he himself marched on, subduing the nations of Asia, and having spent seventeen years, he became master of all the others except the Indians and Bactrians.
§2.2.2τὰς μὲν οὖν καθʼ ἕκαστα μάχας ἢ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἁπάντων τῶν καταπολεμηθέντων οὐδεὶς τῶν συγγραφέων ἀνέγραψε, τὰ δʼ ἐπισημότατα τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀκολούθως Κτησίᾳ τῷ Κνιδίῳ πειρασόμεθα συντόμως ἐπιδραμεῖν.
Now, none of the historians recorded the individual battles or the number of all those who were conquered, but we shall attempt briefly to run over the most famous of the nations in accordance with Ctesias of Cnidus.
§2.2.3κατεστρέψατο μὲν γὰρ τῆς παραθαλαττίου καὶ τῆς συνεχοῦς χώρας τήν τε Αἴγυπτον καὶ Φοινίκην, ἔτι δὲ Κοίλην Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν καὶ Λυκίαν, πρὸς δὲ ταύταις τήν τε Καρίαν καὶ Φρυγίαν καὶ Μυσίαν καὶ Λυδίαν, προσηγάγετο δὲ τήν τε Τρῳάδα καὶ τὴν ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ Φρυγίαν καὶ Προποντίδα καὶ Βιθυνίαν καὶ Καππαδοκίαν καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὸν Πόντον ἔθνη βάρβαρα κατοικοῦντα μέχρι Τανάιδος, ἐκυρίευσε δὲ τῆς τε Καδουσίων χώρας καὶ Ταπύρων, ἔτι δʼ Ὑρκανίων καὶ Δραγγῶν, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Δερβίκων καὶ Καρμανίων καὶ Χωρομναίων, ἔτι δὲ Βορκανίων καὶ Παρθυαίων, ἐπῆλθε δὲ καὶ τὴν Περσίδα καὶ τὴν Σουσιανὴν καὶ τὴν καλουμένην Κασπιανήν, εἰς ἥν εἰσιν εἰσβολαὶ στεναὶ παντελῶς, διὸ καὶ προσαγορεύονται Κάσπιαι πύλαι.
For he subdued, of the coastal and neighboring land, Egypt and Phoenicia, and furthermore Coele-Syria, Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Lycia, and in addition to these, Caria, Phrygia, Mysia, and Lydia; and he brought over Troas and Phrygia on the Hellespont, Propontis, Bithynia, Cappadocia, and the barbarian nations inhabiting the Pontus region as far as the Tanais; and he ruled over the land of the Cadusians and Tapyri, and furthermore the Hyrcanians and Drangians, and in addition to these, the Derbices, Carmanians, and Choromnaeans, and furthermore the Borcanians and Parthians; and he also invaded Persis, Susiana, and the so-called Caspian region, into which there are entirely narrow passes, wherefore they are also called the Caspian Gates.
§2.2.4πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τῶν ἐλαττόνων ἐθνῶν προσηγάγετο, περὶ ὧν μακρὸν ἂν εἴη λέγειν.
And he also brought over many other of the smaller nations, concerning whom it would be long to speak.
τῆς δὲ Βακτριανῆς οὔσης δυσεισβόλου καὶ πλήθη μαχίμων ἀνδρῶν ἐχούσης, ἐπειδὴ πολλὰ πονήσας ἄπρακτος ἐγένετο, τὸν μὲν πρὸς Βακτριανοὺς πόλεμον εἰς ἕτερον ἀνεβάλετο καιρόν, τὰς δὲ δυνάμεις ἀναγαγὼν εἰς τὴν Ἀσσυρίαν ἐξελέξατο τόπον εὔθετον εἰς πόλεως μεγάλης κτίσιν.
But since Bactria was difficult to invade and had multitudes of warlike men, and since after much trouble he was unsuccessful, he postponed the war against the Bactrians to another time; and having led his forces back into Assyria, he selected a site suitable for the founding of a great city.

Notes

  1. §2.2.1τῶν πραγμάτων τῷ Νίνῳ προχωρούντων — τῷ Νίνῳ is a dative indicating the person for whom the action is happening, or a dative of interest, with the intransitive participle προχωρούντων. The entire phrase forms a genitive absolute (τῶν πραγμάτων προχωρούντων) expressing time or cause.
  2. §2.2.3τῆς παραθαλαττίου καὶ τῆς συνεχοῦς χώρας — While the direct objects of the verb κατεστρέψατο are the accusative phrases starting with τήν τε Αἴγυπτον..., this genitive phrase functions as a partitive genitive or genitive of area, indicating the larger geographical region to which those countries belong ("of the coastal and neighboring land, Egypt...").
  3. §2.2.4μακρὸν ἂν εἴη λέγειν — ἂν εἴη consists of the present optative with the particle ἄν, expressing potentiality or a mild, polite assertion ("it would be long to speak").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.2.1-2.2.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.2.1-2.2.4

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