§1.8.1καὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς πρώτης τῶν ὅλων γενέσεως τοιαῦτα παρειλήφαμεν, τοὺς δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς γεννηθέντας τῶν ἀνθρώπων φασὶν ἐν ἀτάκτῳ καὶ θηριώδει βίῳ καθεστῶτας σποράδην ἐπὶ τὰς νομὰς ἐξιέναι, καὶ προσφέρεσθαι τῆς τε βοτάνης τὴν προσηνεστάτην καὶ τοὺς αὐτομάτους ἀπὸ τῶν δένδρων καρπούς.
Concerning the first origin of the universe, such is the tradition we have received, but they say that the first-born of men lived in an undisciplined and beast-like manner, going out scattered to the pastures, and feeding on the most palatable of the herbs and the fruits that grew of themselves on the trees.
§1.8.2καὶ πολεμουμένους μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν θηρίων ἀλλήλοις βοηθεῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ συμφέροντος διδασκομένους, ἀθροιζομένους δὲ διὰ τὸν φόβον ἐπιγινώσκειν ἐκ τοῦ κατὰ μικρὸν τοὺς ἀλλήλων τύπους.
And being warred upon by the wild beasts, they helped one another, being taught by expediency, and gathering together because of fear, they gradually came to recognize one another's forms.
§1.8.3τῆς φωνῆς δʼ ἀσήμου καὶ συγκεχυμένης οὔσης ἐκ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον διαρθροῦν τὰς λέξεις, καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους τιθέντας σύμβολα περὶ ἑκάστου τῶν ὑποκειμένων γνώριμον σφίσιν αὐτοῖς ποιῆσαι τὴν περὶ ἁπάντων ἑρμηνείαν.
And though their voice was initially meaningless and confused, they gradually articulated their words, and by establishing symbols among themselves for each of the things before them, they made the expression of all things intelligible to themselves.
§1.8.4τοιούτων δὲ συστημάτων γινομένων καθʼ ἅπασαν τὴν οἰκουμένην, οὐχ ὁμόφωνον πάντας ἔχειν τὴν διάλεκτον, ἑκάστων ὡς ἔτυχε συνταξάντων τὰς λέξεις· διὸ καὶ παντοίους τε ὑπάρξαι χαρακτῆρας διαλέκτων καὶ τὰ πρῶτα γενόμενα συστήματα τῶν ἁπάντων ἐθνῶν ἀρχέγονα γενέσθαι.
Since such groups were formed throughout the inhabited world, they did not all have the same language, as each group had put their words together as it chanced; and for this reason there came to be all kinds of linguistic characters, and the first groups formed became the progenitors of all the nations.
§1.8.5τοὺς οὖν πρώτους τῶν ἀνθρώπων μηδενὸς τῶν πρὸς βίον χρησίμων εὑρημένου ἐπιπόνως διάγειν, γυμνοὺς μὲν ἐσθῆτος ὄντας, οἰκήσεως δὲ καὶ πυρὸς ἀήθεις, τροφῆς δʼ ἡμέρου παντελῶς ἀνεννοήτους.
The first men, therefore, since none of the things useful for life had yet been discovered, led a painful existence, being destitute of clothing, unaccustomed to dwellings and fire, and completely ignorant of cultivated food.
§1.8.6καὶ γὰρ τὴν συγκομιδὴν τῆς ἀγρίας τροφῆς ἀγνοοῦντας μηδεμίαν τῶν καρπῶν εἰς τὰς ἐνδείας ποιεῖσθαι παράθεσιν· διὸ καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀπάλλυσθαι κατὰ τοὺς χειμῶνας διά τε τὸ ψῦχος καὶ τὴν σπάνιν τῆς τροφῆς,
For, knowing nothing of the gathering of wild food, they made no storage of fruits against their needs; wherefore many of them perished during the winters because of the cold and the scarcity of food.
§1.8.7ἐκ δὲ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον ὑπὸ τῆς πείρας διδασκομένους εἴς τε τὰ σπήλαια καταφεύγειν ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι καὶ τῶν καρπῶν τοὺς φυλάττεσθαι δυναμένους ἀποτίθεσθαι.
But being gradually taught by experience, they took refuge in caves during the winter and stored up those fruits that were capable of being kept.
§1.8.8γνωσθέντος δὲ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν χρησίμων κατὰ μικρὸν καὶ τὰς τέχνας εὑρεθῆναι καὶ τἄλλα τὰ δυνάμενα τὸν κοινὸν βίον ὠφελῆσαι.
And when fire and other useful things became known, little by little the arts were discovered, along with all the other things capable of benefiting public life.
§1.8.9καθόλου γὰρ πάντων τὴν χρείαν αὐτὴν διδάσκαλον γενέσθαι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ὑφηγουμένην οἰκείως τὴν ἑκάστου μάθησιν εὐφυεῖ ζῴῳ καὶ συνεργοὺς ἔχοντι πρὸς ἅπαντα χεῖρας καὶ λόγον καὶ ψυχῆς ἀγχίνοιαν.
For, in general, necessity itself was the teacher of mankind in all things, fittingly guiding the instruction of each to an animal naturally gifted and having hands, reason, and quickness of mind as helpers for everything.
§1.8.10καὶ περὶ μὲν τῆς πρώτης γενέσεως τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ τοῦ παλαιοτάτου βίου τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν
And concerning the first origin of humans and their most ancient way of life, let what has been said suffice.