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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.71.1-1.71.5

Royal Obedience to the Laws and Its Benefits

Passage 72 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Diodorus explains that the Egyptian kings welcomed the legal regulations as the happiest way of life, and that their practice of justice earned them absolute loyalty from the people, leading to long-lasting prosperity.

§1.71.1παραδόξου δʼ εἶναι δοκοῦντος τοῦ μὴ πᾶσαν ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν τὸν βασιλέα τῆς καθʼ ἡμέραν τροφῆς, πολλῷ θαυμασιώτερον ἦν τὸ μήτε δικάζειν μήτε χρηματίζειν τὸ τυχὸν αὐτοῖς ἐξεῖναι, μηδὲ τιμωρήσασθαι μηδένα διʼ ὕβριν ἢ διὰ θυμὸν ἤ τινα ἄλλην αἰτίαν ἄδικον, ἀλλὰ καθάπερ οἱ περὶ ἑκάστων κείμενοι νόμοι προσέταττον.
While it seemed strange that the king did not have full authority over his daily food, it was far more wonderful that they were not allowed to render judgment or administer public business arbitrarily, nor to punish anyone because of insolence or anger or any other unjust cause, but had to do just as the laws established concerning each matter prescribed.
§1.71.2ταῦτα δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἔθος πράττοντες οὐχ ὅπως ἠγανάκτουν ἢ προσέκοπτον ταῖς ψυχαῖς, ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ἡγοῦντο ἑαυτοὺς ζῆν βίον μακαριώτατον·
And performing these things according to the custom, so far from being indignant or vexed in their souls, they, on the contrary, believed that they led a most blessed life.
§1.71.3τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους ἐνόμιζον ἀλογίστως τοῖς φυσικοῖς πάθεσι χαριζομένους πολλὰ πράττειν τῶν φερόντων βλάβας ἢ κινδύνους, καὶ πολλάκις ἐνίους εἰδότας ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἁμαρτάνειν μηδὲν ἧττον πράττειν τὰ φαῦλα, κατισχυομένους ὑπʼ ἔρωτος ἢ μίσους ἤ τινος ἑτέρου πάθους, ἑαυτοὺς δʼ ἐζηλωκότας βίον τὸν ὑπὸ τῶν φρονιμωτάτων ἀνδρῶν προκεκριμένον ἐλαχίστοις περιπίπτειν ἀγνοήμασι.
For they thought that other men, foolishly indulging their natural passions, did many things that bring harm or danger, and often some, although knowing that they are about to do wrong, nevertheless commit base deeds, being overpowered by love or hatred or some other passion, whereas they themselves, having striven for the life pre-approved by the wisest men, fell into the fewest errors.
§1.71.4τοιαύτῃ δὲ χρωμένων τῶν βασιλέων δικαιοσύνῃ πρὸς ὑποτεταγμένους, τὰ πλήθη ταῖς εἰς τοὺς ἡγουμένους εὐνοίαις πᾶσαν συγγενικὴν φιλοστοργίαν ὑπερεβάλλετο οὐ γὰρ μόνον τὸ σύστημα τῶν ἱερέων, ἀλλὰ καὶ συλλήβδην ἅπαντες οἱ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον οὐχ οὕτω γυναικῶν καὶ τέκνων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτοῖς ἀγαθῶν ἐφρόντιζον ὡς τῆς τῶν βασιλέων ἀσφαλείας.
And because the kings practiced such justice toward their subjects, the multitudes, in their goodwill toward the rulers, surpassed all family affection; for not only the college of priests, but also collectively all the people throughout Egypt cared not so much for their wives and children and the other good things belonging to them as for the safety of their kings.
§1.71.5τοιγαροῦν πλεῖστον μὲν χρόνον τῶν μνημονευομένων βασιλέων πολιτικὴν κατάστασιν ἐτήρησαν, εὐδαιμονέστατον δὲ βίον ἔχοντες διετέλεσαν, ἕως ἔμεινεν ἡ προειρημένη τῶν νόμων σύνταξις, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις ἐθνῶν τε πλείστων ἐπεκράτησαν καὶ μεγίστους πλούτους ἔσχον, καὶ τὰς μὲν χώρας ἔργοις καὶ κατασκευάσμασιν ἀνυπερβλήτοις, τὰς δὲ πόλεις ἀναθήμασι πολυτελέσι καὶ παντοίοις ἐκόσμησαν.
Therefore, they maintained their political constitution for the longest time of any kings on record, and continued leading a most happy life as long as the aforementioned system of laws remained; and in addition to these things, they ruled over very many nations and possessed the greatest wealth, and adorned their countryside with unsurpassed works and structures, and their cities with costly and all kinds of votive offerings.

Notes

  1. §1.71.1παραδόξου δʼ εἶναι δοκοῦντος τοῦ μὴ πᾶσαν ἔχειν ἐξουσίαν τὸν βασιλέα τῆς καθʼ ἡμέραν τροφῆς — Genitive absolute construction. The neuter genitive adjective παραδόξου functions as a predicate adjective with δοκοῦντος, while the articular infinitive phrase τοῦ μὴ πᾶσαν ἔχειν ... serves as its subject.
  2. §1.71.1τὸ μήτε δικάζειν μήτε χρηματίζειν τὸ τυχὸν αὐτοῖς ἐξεῖναι — The infinitive ἐξεῖναι is nominalized with the article τὸ, serving as the subject of the main clause. αὐτοῖς is the dative subject of ἐξεῖναι. τὸ τυχόν is used adverbially to mean 'arbitrarily' or 'at random'.
  3. §1.71.2οὐχ ὅπως ... ἀλλὰ τοὐναντίον ... — A correlative idiom meaning 'so far from... that on the contrary...' or 'not only not... but on the contrary...'. The verbs ἠγανάκτουν and προσέκοπτον follow οὐχ ὅπως, contrasted by ἀλλὰ.
  4. §1.71.3τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους ἐνόμιζον ... ἑαυτοὺς δʼ ... ἐλαχίστοις περιπίπτειν ἀγνοήμασι — A contrast between two accusative-with-infinitive constructions depending on ἐνόμιζον. In the first part, τοὺς μὲν γὰρ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους is the subject and πράττειν is the infinitive; in the second, ἑαυτοὺς δʼ is the subject and περιπίπτειν is the infinitive. The participles χαριζομένους and ἐζηλωκότας agree with their respective accusative subjects.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.71.1-1.71.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.71.1-1.71.5

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