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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.58.1-1.58.5

The Pride, Death, and Renown of Sesoosis

Passage 59 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The proud episode of King Sesōosis having conquered kings pull his chariot and his suicide after losing sight are described, showing his immortal glory through a comparison with the later Persian King Darius.

§1.58.1πολλῶν δὲ καὶ μεγάλων περὶ τὸν Σεσόωσιν ὑπαρξάντων δοκεῖ μεγαλοπρεπέστατον αὐτῷ γεγονέναι τὸ συντελούμενον ἐν ταῖς ἐξόδοις περὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας.
Although there were many great things concerning Sesōosis, what was done regarding the rulers during his processions seemed to him to be the most magnificent.
§1.58.2τῶν γὰρ καταπεπολεμημένων ἐθνῶν οἵ τε τὰς συγκεχωρημένας βασιλείας ἔχοντες καὶ τῶν ἄλλων οἱ τὰς μεγίστας ἡγεμονίας παρειληφότες ἀπήντων εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐν τακτοῖς χρόνοις φέροντες δῶρα· οὓς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκδεχόμενος ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἐτίμα καὶ διαφερόντως προῆγεν, ὁπότε δὲ πρὸς ἱερὸν ἢ πόλιν προσιέναι μέλλοι, τοὺς ἵππους ἀπὸ τοῦ τεθρίππου λύων ὑπεζεύγνυεν ἀντὶ τούτων κατὰ τέτταρας τούς τε βασιλεῖς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἡγεμόνας, ἐνδεικνύμενος, ὡς ᾤετο, πᾶσιν ὅτι τοὺς τῶν ἄλλων κρατίστους καὶ διʼ ἀρετὴν ἐπιφανεστάτους καταπολεμήσας εἰς ἅμιλλαν ἀρετῆς οὐκ ἔχει τὸν δυνάμενον συγκριθῆναι.
For those of the conquered nations who held the kingdoms that had been conceded to them, and those among the others who had succeeded to the greatest principalities, used to meet in Egypt at appointed times bringing gifts; whom the king, while receiving them, honored in other respects and promoted exceptionally, but whenever he was about to approach a temple or a city, he would unyoke the horses from his four-horse chariot and yoke in their stead, four abreast, the kings and the other rulers, showing to everyone, as he believed, that having conquered the most powerful and most distinguished for valor among other men, he had no one who could be compared with him in the rivalry of valor.
§1.58.3δοκεῖ δʼ οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς πάντας τοὺς πώποτε γενομένους ἐν ἐξουσίαις ὑπερβεβηκέναι ταῖς τε πολεμικαῖς πράξεσι καὶ τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν τε ἀναθημάτων καὶ τῶν ἔργων τῶν κατεσκευασμένων κατʼ Αἴγυπτον.
This king seems to have surpassed all those who had ever been in power, both in his military achievements and in the greatness and multitude of the dedications and works constructed in Egypt.
ἔτη δὲ τρία πρὸς τοῖς τριάκοντα βασιλεύσας ἐκ προαιρέσεως ἐξέλιπε τὸν βίον, ὑπολιπόντων αὐτὸν τῶν ὀμμάτων· καὶ τοῦτο πράξας οὐ μόνον παρὰ τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις Αἰγυπτίοις ἐθαυμάσθη, δόξας τῇ μεγαλοψυχίᾳ τῶν πεπραγμένων ἀκόλουθον πεποιῆσθαι τὴν τοῦ βίου καταστροφήν.
Having reigned for thirty-three years, he departed from life by his own choice, his eyes having failed him; and having done this, he was admired not only by the priests but also by the other Egyptians, as he was thought to have made the end of his life consistent with the greatness of his deeds.
§1.58.4ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο δʼ ἴσχυσε καὶ διέτεινε τοῖς χρόνοις ἠ δόξα τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως ὥστε τῆς Αἰγύπτου πολλαῖς γενεαῖς ὕστερον πεσούσης ὑπὸ τὴν ἐξουσίαν τῶν Περσῶν, καὶ Δαρείου τοῦ Ξέρξου πατρὸς σπουδάσαντος ἐν Μέμφει τὴν ἰδίαν εἰκόνα στῆσαι πρὸ τῆς Σεσοώσιος, ὁ μὲν ἀρχιερεὺς ἀντεῖπε λόγου προτεθέντος ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ τῶν ἱερέων, ἀποφηνάμενος ὡς οὔπω Δαρεῖος ὑπερβέβηκε τὰς Σεσοώσιος πράξεις, ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς οὐχ ὅπως ἠγανάκτησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἡσθεὶς ἐπὶ τῇ παρρησίᾳ σπουδάσειν ἔφησεν ὅπως κατὰ μηδὲν ἐκείνου λειφθείη βιώσας τὸν ἴσον χρόνον, καὶ παρεκάλει συγκρίνειν τὰς ἡλικιώτιδας πράξεις· τοῦτον γὰρ δικαιότατον ἔλεγχον εἶναι τῆς ἀρετῆς.
The fame of this king was so powerful and lasted so long through time that when Egypt, many generations later, fell under the power of the Persians, and Darius, the father of Xerxes, was eager to set up his own statue in Memphis in front of that of Sesōosis, the chief priest spoke against it when the matter was proposed in the assembly of the priests, declaring that Darius had not yet surpassed the deeds of Sesōosis; and the king, far from being angry, was on the contrary pleased with his frankness and said that he would strive to be left behind him in no respect when he had lived as long a time, and asked them to compare their deeds of the same age; for he said that this was the most just test of valor.
§1.58.5περὶ μὲν οὖν Σεσοώσιος ἀρκεσθησόμεθα τοῖς λόγοις τοῖς ῥηθεῖσιν.
Regarding Sesōosis, then, we shall be satisfied with what has been said.

Notes

  1. 1.58.1τὸ συντελούμενον ἐν ταῖς ἐξόδοις περὶ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας — A neuter singular nominative present participle led by the definite article τὸ, forming part of the subject with the predicate adjective μεγαλοπρεπέστατον after the verb δοκεῖ. It means 'what was done regarding the rulers during his processions'.
  2. 1.58.4οὐχ ὅπως ἠγανάκτησεν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὐναντίον ἡσθεὶς — An idiomatic expression meaning 'not only not... but on the contrary...' or 'far from doing...'. Correlative with the following ἀλλὰ καί, it strongly rejects the expected negative reaction (being angry) and emphasizes the positive attitude (being pleased).
  3. 1.58.4τῆς Αἰγύπτου ... πεσούσης ... καὶ Δαρείου ... σπουδάσαντος — A structure within the subordinate clause led by ὥστε, where two genitive absolute constructions are coordinate with καί. The preceding nouns (τῆς Αἰγύπτου, Δαρείου) serve as the semantic subjects of their respective participles (πεσούσης, σπουδάσαντος).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.58.1-1.58.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.58.1-1.58.5

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