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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.53.1-1.53.10

The Birth, Upbringing, and Early Conquests of Sesoosis

Passage 54 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Relates the birth of King Sesoosis, the rigorous collective education he received alongside his peers, and his early military triumphs in Arabia and Libya.

§1.53.1Σεσόωσιν δέ φασιν ὕστερον ἑπτὰ γενεαῖς βασιλέα γενόμενον ἐπιφανεστάτας καὶ μεγίστας τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ πράξεις ἐπιτελέσασθαι.
Now they say that Sesoosis, who became king seven generations later, performed the most illustrious and greatest deeds of all the kings before him.
ἐπεὶ δὲ περὶ τούτου τοῦ βασιλέως οὐ μόνον οἱ συγγραφεῖς οἱ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι διαπεφωνήκασι πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον οἵ τε ἱερεῖς καὶ οἱ διὰ τῆς ᾠδῆς αὐτὸν ἐγκωμιάζοντες οὐχ ὁμολογούμενα λέγουσιν, ἡμεῖς πειρασόμεθα τὰ πιθανώτατα καὶ τοῖς ὑπάρχουσιν ἔτι κατὰ τὴν χώραν σημείοις τὰ μάλιστα συμφωνοῦντα διελθεῖν.
But since concerning this king not only have the historians among the Greeks disagreed with one another, but also among the people of Egypt both the priests and those who praise him in song tell conflicting stories, we shall endeavor to relate those things which are most plausible and most in agreement with the monuments still remaining in the country.
§1.53.2γεννηθέντος γὰρ τοῦ Σεσοώσιος ἐποίησεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ μεγαλοπρεπές τι καὶ βασιλικόν· τοὺς γὰρ κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ἡμέραν γεννηθέντας παῖδας ἐξ ὅλης τῆς Αἰγύπτου συναγαγὼν καὶ τροφοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐπιμελησομένους ἐπιστήσας τὴν αὐτὴν ἀγωγὴν καὶ παιδείαν ὥρισε τοῖς πᾶσιν, ὑπολαμβάνων τοὺς μάλιστα συντραφέντας καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς παρρησίας κεκοινωνηκότας εὐνουστάτους καὶ συναγωνιστὰς ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις ἀρίστους ἔσεσθαι.
For when Sesoosis was born, his father did a magnificent and kingly thing: having gathered together from all over Egypt the boys who were born on the same day, and having appointed nurses and guardians over them, he prescribed the same training and education to them all, supposing that those who were brought up together in the closest manner and shared the same freedom of speech would be most loyal and the best fellow-soldiers in wars.
§1.53.3πάντα δὲ δαψιλῶς χορηγήσας διεπόνησε τοὺς παῖδας ἐν γυμνασίοις συνεχέσι καὶ πόνοις· οὐδενὶ γὰρ αὐτῶν ἐξῆν προσενέγκασθαι τροφήν, εἰ μὴ πρότερον δράμοι σταδίους ἑκατὸν καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα.
And having provided everything abundantly, he trained the boys with constant athletic exercises and hardships; for it was not permitted for any of them to take food unless he had first run one hundred and eighty stades.
§1.53.4διὸ καὶ πάντες ἀνδρωθέντες ὑπῆρξαν ἀθληταὶ μὲν τοῖς σώμασιν εὔρωστοι, ἡγεμονικοὶ δὲ καὶ καρτερικοὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς διὰ τὴν τῶν ἀρίστων ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἀγωγήν.
Therefore, when they all grew to manhood, they became athletes of robust bodies, and in their souls, leaders and resilient, owing to their training in the best habits.
§1.53.5τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον ὁ Σεσόωσις ἀποσταλεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς μετὰ δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν, συστρατευομένων καὶ τῶν συντρόφων, περί τε τὰς θήρας διεπονήθη καὶ ταῖς ἀνυδρίαις καὶ σπανοσιτίαις ἐγκαρτερήσας κατεστρέψατο τὸ ἔθνος ἅπαν τὸ τῶν Ἀράβων, ἀδούλωτον τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον γεγονός· §1.53.6ἔπειτα εἰς τοὺς πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν τόπους ἀποσταλεὶς τὴν πλείστην τῆς Λιβύης ὑπήκοον ἐποιήσατο, §1.53.7παντελῶς νέος ὢν τὴν ἡλικίαν.
First, then, Sesoosis, being sent by his father with an army into Arabia, accompanied by his companions who had been brought up with him, was trained in hunting, and having endured both lack of water and scarcity of food, subdued the entire nation of the Arabs, which had been unsubdued before that time; next, being sent into the regions towards the west, he made the greater part of Libya subject to him, being still a very young man in age.
τοῦ δὲ πατρὸς τελευτήσαντος διαδεξάμενος τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ ταῖς προκατεργασθείσαις πράξεσι μετεωρισθείς, ἐπεβάλετο τὴν οἰκουμένην κατακτήσασθαι.
And when his father died, having succeeded to the kingship and being elated by the deeds already accomplished, he undertook to conquer the inhabited world.
§1.53.8ἔνιοι δὲ λέγουσιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας θυγατρὸς Ἀθύρτιος παρακληθῆναι πρὸς τὴν τῶν ὅλων δυναστείαν, ἣν οἱ μὲν συνέσει πολὺ τῶν ἄλλων διαφέρουσάν φασι διδάξαι τὸν πατέρα ῥᾳδίως ἐσομένην τὴν στρατείαν, οἱ δὲ μαντικῇ χρωμένην καὶ τὸ μέλλον ἔσεσθαι προγινώσκουσαν ἔκ τε τῆς θυτικῆς καὶ τῆς ἐγκοιμήσεως τῆς ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς, ἔτι δὲ τῶν κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν γινομένων σημείων.
And some say that he was urged to the dominion over the whole world by his own daughter Athyrtis, who, some say, being far superior to others in understanding, showed her father that the campaign would be easy, while others say that she used divination and foreknew what was to happen from sacrificial inspection, from sleeping in temples, and furthermore from signs occurring in the heavens.
§1.53.9γεγράφασι δέ τινες καὶ διότι κατὰ τὴν γένεσιν τοῦ Σεσοώσιος ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καθʼ ὕπνον δόξαι τὸν Ἥφαιστον αὐτῷ λέγειν ὅτι πάσης τῆς οἰκουμένης ὁ γεννηθεὶς παῖς κρατήσει.
And some have written also that at the birth of Sesoosis, his father dreamed that Hephaestus appeared to him and said that the child who had been born would rule over the entire inhabited world.
§1.53.10διὰ ταύτην οὖν τὴν αἰτίαν τὸν μὲν πατέρα τοὺς ἡλικιώτας τοῦ προειρημένου ἀθροῖσαι καὶ βασιλικῆς ἀγωγῆς ἀξιῶσαι, προκατασκευαζόμενον εἰς τὴν τῶν ὅλων ἐπίθεσιν, αὐτὸν δʼ ἀνδρωθέντα καὶ τῇ τοῦ θεοῦ προρρήσει πιστεύσαντα κατενεχθῆναι πρὸς τὴν εἰρημένην στρατείαν.
For this reason, then, his father gathered the peers of the aforementioned son and deemed them worthy of a kingly training, preparing them beforehand for the attack upon the whole world, and he himself, when he grew to manhood, having trusted in the prophecy of the god, was led to undertake the said campaign.

Notes

  1. 1.53.1τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ — Genitive of comparison used with superlative adjectives (ἐπιφανεστάτας καὶ μεγίστας), functioning with the comparative sense 'more illustrious and greater than those of his predecessors'.
  2. 1.53.3εἰ μὴ πρότερον δράμοι — The optative δράμοι indicates a past general condition (past iterative), matching the imperfect impersonal verb ἐξῆν in the main clause ('unless they had first run...').
  3. 1.53.8ἣν οἱ μὲν ... διδάξαι ... οἱ δὲ μαντικῇ χρωμένην — Syntactical shift (anacoluthon) starting with the relative pronoun in the accusative ἣν. In the first clause (οἱ μὲν...) it functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive διδάξαι, while in the second clause (οἱ δὲ...) it is modified directly by the participles χρωμένην and προγινώσκουσαν, all depending on the verb φασί.
  4. 1.53.9διότι ... δόξαι — The conjunction διότι (used here in the sense of ὅτι, 'that') is followed by the infinitive δόξαι instead of a finite verb. This is an instance of infinitive assimilation in indirect discourse, influenced by the main verb γεγράφασι.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.53.1-1.53.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.53.1-1.53.10

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