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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §1.47.1-1.47.6

The Monument and Colossal Statues of Osymandyas

Passage 48 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The author quotes Hecataeus' description to detail the structure of the grand monument of King Osymandyas, including its colossal statues, a portrait of his mother, and a peristyle courtyard adorned with reliefs depicting his war against the Bactrians.

§1.47.1ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν πρώτων τάφων, ἐν οἷς παραδέδοται τὰς παλλακίδας τοῦ Διὸς τεθάφθαι, δέκα σταδίων φησὶν ὑπάρξαι βασιλέως μνῆμα τοῦ προσαγορευθέντος Ὀσυμανδύου.
For he says that at a distance of ten stades from the first tombs, in which it is handed down that the concubines of Zeus were buried, there exists the monument of the king who was called Osymandyas.
τούτου δὲ κατὰ μὲν τὴν εἴσοδον ὑπάρχειν πυλῶνα λίθου ποικίλου, τὸ μὲν μῆκος δίπλεθρον, τὸ δʼ ὕψος τετταράκοντα καὶ πέντε πηχῶν· §1.47.2διελθόντι δʼ αὐτὸν εἶναι λίθινον περίστυλον τετράγωνον, ἑκάστης πλευρᾶς οὔσης τεττάρων πλέθρων· ὑπηρεῖσθαι δʼ ἀντὶ τῶν κιόνων ζῴδια πηχῶν ἑκκαίδεκα μονόλιθα, τὸν τύπον εἰς τὸν ἀρχαῖον τρόπον εἰργασμένα· τὴν ὀροφήν τε πᾶσαν ἐπὶ πλάτος δυοῖν ὀργυιῶν ὑπάρχειν μονόλιθον, ἀστέρας ἐν κυανῷ καταπεποικιλμένην·
And at the entrance of this monument there is a pylon of variegated stone, two plethra in length and forty-five cubits in height; and to one who has passed through it, there is a square stone peristyle, each side being four plethra; and supporting it in place of columns are monolithic statues of sixteen cubits, wrought in the ancient fashion; and the entire ceiling, of a width of two fathoms, consists of a single stone, adorned with stars on a blue background.
ἑξῆς δὲ τοῦ περιστύλου τούτου πάλιν ἑτέραν εἴσοδον καὶ πυλῶνα τὰ μὲν ἄλλα παραπλήσιον τῷ προειρημένῳ, γλυφαῖς δὲ παντοίαις περιττότερον εἰργασμένον· §1.47.3παρὰ δὲ τὴν εἴσοδον ἀνδριάντας εἶναι τρεῖς ἐξ ἑνὸς τοὺς πάντας λίθου μέλανος τοῦ Συηνίτου, καὶ τούτων ἕνα μὲν καθήμενον ὑπάρχειν μέγιστον πάντων τῶν κατʼ Αἴγυπτον, οὗ τὸν πόδα μετρούμενον ὑπερβάλλειν τοὺς ἑπτὰ πήχεις, ἑτέρους δὲ δύο πρὸς τοῖς γόνασι, τὸν μὲν ἐκ δεξιῶν, τὸν δὲ ἐξ εὐωνύμων, θυγατρὸς καὶ μητρός, τῷ μεγέθει λειπομένους τοῦ προειρημένου.
And next to this peristyle there is again another entrance and a pylon, in other respects similar to the one mentioned before, but more exquisitely wrought with all kinds of carvings; and by the entrance there are three statues, all of a single block of black Syenite stone, and of these, one, which is in a sitting posture, is the greatest of all those in Egypt, whose foot when measured exceeds seven cubits, and the other two are at his knees, one on the right and the other on the left, of his daughter and his mother, which are inferior in size to the one mentioned before.
§1.47.4τὸ δʼ ἔργον τοῦτο μὴ μόνον εἶναι κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ τέχνῃ θαυμαστὸν καὶ τῇ τοῦ λίθου φύσει διαφέρον, ὡς ἂν ἐν τηλικούτῳ μεγέθει μήτε διαφυάδος μήτε κηλῖδος μηδεμιᾶς θεωρουμένης.
And this work is worthy of approval not only for its size, but is also wonderful in its art and outstanding in the nature of the stone, since in so great a size not a single crack or spot is to be seen.
ἐπιγεγράφθαι δʼ ἐπʼ αὐτοῦ “βασιλεὺς βασιλέων Ὀσυμανδύας εἰμί.
And upon it there is inscribed: 'I am Osymandyas, king of kings.
εἰ δέ τις εἰδέναι βούλεται πηλίκος εἰμὶ καὶ ποῦ κεῖμαι, νικάτω τι τῶν ἐμῶν ἔργων. ” §1.47.5εἶναι δὲ καὶ ἄλλην εἰκόνα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ καθʼ αὑτὴν πηχῶν εἴκοσι μονόλιθον, ἔχουσαν δὲ τρεῖς βασιλείας ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς, ἃς διασημαίνειν ὅτι καὶ θυγάτηρ καὶ γυνὴ καὶ μήτηρ βασιλέως ὑπῆρξε.
If anyone wishes to know how great I am and where I lie, let him surpass some of my works.' And there is also another portrait of his mother by herself, of twenty cubits, of a single stone, having three crowns upon her head, which indicate that she was daughter, wife, and mother of a king.
§1.47.6μετὰ δὲ τὸν πυλῶνα περίστυλον εἶναι τοῦ προτέρου ἀξιολογώτερον, ἐν ᾧ γλυφὰς ὑπάρχειν παντοίας δηλούσας τὸν πόλεμον τὸν γενόμενον αὐτῷ πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τοῖς Βάκτροις ἀποστάντας· ἐφʼ οὓς ἐστρατεῦσθαι πεζῶν μὲν τετταράκοντα μυριάσιν, ἱππεῦσι δὲ δισμυρίοις, εἰς τέτταρα μέρη διῃρημένης τῆς πάσης στρατιᾶς, ὧν ἁπάντων υἱοὺς τοῦ βασιλέως ἐσχηκέναι τὴν ἡγεμονίαν.
And after the pylon there is a peristyle more noteworthy than the former one, in which there are all kinds of carvings indicating the war waged by him against those who revolted in Bactria; against whom he marched with forty myriad infantry and twenty thousand cavalry, the entire army having been divided into four parts, of all of which the sons of the king held the command.

Notes

  1. 1.47.2διελθόντι — Dative singular participle. It functions as a dative of reference (often used in geographical descriptions: "to one having passed through") expressing a conditional sense ("if one passes through").
  2. 1.47.4ὡς ἂν ... θεωρουμένης — The particle ὡς ἄν combined with a genitive absolute (participle θεωρουμένης with feminine singular subject μηδεμιᾶς). It expresses a hypothetical or potential manner ("as if/as would be expected when indeed no crack is to be seen"), highlighting the flawless state of the colossal stone.
  3. 1.47.4νικάτω — Third-person singular present active imperative of νικάω ("to conquer, surpass"). It expresses a defiant challenge: "let him surpass [some of my works]."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §1.47.1-1.47.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:1.47.1-1.47.6

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