§17.58.1ὁ δὲ Δαρεῖος κατὰ τὰς τῶν ἐθνῶν περιοχὰς τὴν ἔκταξιν πεποιημένος κατά τε τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον τεταγμένος προῆγεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους.
Darius, having made his battle array according to the territories of the nations and being stationed opposite Alexander, advanced against the enemy.
ὡς δʼ ἐπλησίαζον ἀλλήλαις αἱ δυνάμεις, οἱ μὲν σαλπικταὶ παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις ἐσήμαινον τὸ πολεμικόν, οἱ δʼ ἄνδρες μετὰ πολλῆς βοῆς ἀλλήλοις ἐπεφέροντο.
As the forces approached each other, the trumpeters on both sides sounded the charge, and the men rushed upon one another with a great shout.
§17.58.2καὶ πρῶτον τὰ δρεπανηφόρα τῶν ἁρμάτων ἀπὸ κράτους ἐλαυνόμενα πολλὴν ἔκπληξιν καὶ φόβον τοῖς Μακεδόσιν ἐπέστησεν· καὶ γὰρ Μαζαῖος ὁ τῶν ἱππέων ἡγούμενος πυκναῖς ταῖς εἴλαις σὺν τοῖς δρεπανηφόροις ἐπήλαυνε, καταπληκτικωτέραν ποιῶν τὴν ἐπιφορὰν τῶν δρεπανηφόρων.
And first, the scythed chariots driven at full speed inflicted great consternation and fear upon the Macedonians; for Mazaeus, the commander of the cavalry, charged along with the scythed chariots with his dense squadrons, making the onset of the scythed chariots more terrifying.
§17.58.3τῆς δὲ φάλαγγος συνασπιζούσης καὶ κατὰ τὰς τοῦ βασιλέως παραγγελίας ταῖς σαρίσαις πάντων τυπτόντων τὰς ἀσπίδας συνέβαινε ψόφον πολὺν γίνεσθαι.
But as the phalanx locked their shields and everyone, according to the orders of the king, struck their shields with their sarissas, it happened that a great noise was made.
§17.58.4διόπερ τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἁρμάτων πτυρομένων τῶν ἵππων ἐστρέφετο καὶ τὴν ῥύμην ἀκατάσχετον ποιοῦντα πρὸς τοὺς ἰδίους βιαίως ἀνέστρεφε.
Therefore, the horses being frightened, most of the chariots turned around and, making their rush uncontrollable, turned back violently against their own men.
τῶν δʼ ἄλλων προσπεσόντων τῇ φάλαγγι καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων ποιούντων ἀξιόλογα διαστήματα διὰ τούτων φερόμενα τὰ μὲν συνηκοντίσθη, τὰ δὲ διεξέπεσεν, ἔνια δὲ τῇ βίᾳ τῆς ῥύμης φερόμενα καὶ ταῖς τῶν σιδήρων ἀκμαῖς ἐνεργῶς χρησάμενα πολλὰς καὶ ποικίλας διαθέσεις θανάτων ἀπειργάζετο.
But when the others fell upon the phalanx and the Macedonians made considerable gaps, those carried through these were some of them showered with javelins, and others passed all the way through, while some, carried by the violence of their rush and making effective use of the sharpness of their iron blades, brought about many and various forms of death.
§17.58.5τοιαύτη γὰρ ἦν ἡ ὀξύτης καὶ βία τῶν κεχαλκευμένων πρὸς ἀπώλειαν ὅπλων ὥστε πολλῶν μὲν βραχίονας σὺν αὐταῖς ταῖς ἀσπίσιν ἀποκόπτεσθαι, οὐκ ὀλίγων δὲ τραχήλους παρασύρεσθαι καὶ τὰς κεφαλὰς πίπτειν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν βλεπόντων ἔτι τῶν ὀμμάτων καὶ τῆς τοῦ προσώπου διαθέσεως διαφυλαττομένης, ἐνίων δὲ τὰς πλευρὰς ἐπικαιρίοις τομαῖς ἀναρήττεσθαι καὶ θανάτους ὀξεῖς ἐπιφέρεσθαι.
For such was the sharpness and force of the weapons forged for destruction that the arms of many were cut off along with their shields, and the necks of not a few were sheared off and their heads fell to the ground with their eyes still seeing and the expression of their face preserved, while the sides of some were ripped open with well-aimed cuts and swift deaths were inflicted.