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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.42.1-17.42.7

Tyrian Harassment and Alexander's Mole-Assault

Passage 647 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Although Tyrian shipborne attacks inflict heavy casualties on the mole workers, Alexander retaliates by sailing directly to the harbor of Tyre to cut off the enemy; after overcoming a severe storm that partially destroys the mole by burying massive trees with branches, he resumes the siege with engines of war.

§17.42.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οἱ μὲν Τύριοι τὴν αὔξησιν τοῦ χώματος εὐλαβηθέντες ἐπλήρωσαν πολλὰ τῶν ἐλαττόνων σκαφῶν ὀξυβελῶν τε καταπελτῶν καὶ τοξοτῶν καὶ σφενδονητῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ προσπλεύσαντες τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις τὸ χῶμα πολλοὺς μὲν κατέτρωσαν, οὐκ ὀλίγους δὲ ἀπέκτειναν·
After this, the Tyrians, fearing the growth of the mole, manned many of their smaller vessels with bolt-shooting catapults, archers, and slingers, and sailing up to those working on the mole, they wounded many and killed not a few.
§17.42.2εἰς ἀνόπλους γὰρ καὶ πυκνοὺς πολλῶν καὶ παντοίων βελῶν φερομένων οὐδεὶς ἡμάρτανεν, ἑτοίμων καὶ ἀφυλάκτων τῶν σκοπῶν κειμένων.
For as many missiles of all kinds were flying against unarmed and crowded men, no one missed, since the targets lay exposed and defenseless.
συνέβαινε γὰρ οὐ μόνον κατὰ πρόσωπον τὰ φερόμενα βέλη προσπίπτειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὰ νῶτα τῶν ἀντιπροσώπων ὄντων ἐν στενῷ χώματι διικνεῖσθαι καὶ μηδένα δύνασθαι διαφυλάξασθαι τοὺς ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν κατατιτρώσκοντας.
Indeed, it happened that the flying missiles not only fell upon them from the front, but also reached the backs of those who were facing the enemy on the narrow mole, and no one was able to protect themselves against those wounding them from both sides.
§17.42.3ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος τὸ παράλογον τῆς συμφορᾶς βουλόμενος ὀξέως διορθώσασθαι, πληρώσας πάσας τὰς ναῦς καὶ καθηγούμενος αὐτὸς ἔπλει κατὰ σπουδὴν ἐπὶ τὸν λιμένα τῶν Τυρίων καὶ τὴν ἐπάνοδον τῶν Φοινίκων ὑπετέμνετο.
Alexander, wishing to rectify this unexpected disaster quickly, manned all his ships and, leading them in person, sailed in haste toward the harbor of the Tyrians, cutting off the retreat of the Phoenicians.
§17.42.4οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι φοβηθέντες μήποτε κυριεύσας τῶν λιμένων καταλάβηται τὴν πόλιν ἔρημον οὖσαν στρατιωτῶν, κατὰ πολλὴν σπουδὴν ἀνέπλεον εἰς τὴν Τύρον.
But the barbarians, fearing lest he should master the harbors and capture the city while it was empty of soldiers, sailed back to Tyre with great haste.
ἀμφοτέρων δὲ διὰ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς φιλοτιμίας ταῖς εἰρεσίαις πυκναῖς χρωμένων καὶ τῶν Μακεδόνων ἤδη πλησιαζόντων τοῖς λιμέσιν οἱ Φοίνικες παρʼ ὀλίγον μὲν ἦλθον τοῦ πάντες ἀπολέσθαι, παρεισπεσόντες δʼ ὅμως τῇ βίᾳ καὶ τὰς τελευταίας ναῦς ἀποβαλόντες διεσώθησαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν.
As both sides, out of extreme rivalry, rowed with rapid strokes, and the Macedonians were already nearing the harbors, the Phoenicians came within a narrow margin of being utterly destroyed; nevertheless, forcing their way in and losing their rearmost ships, they escaped safely into the city.
§17.42.5ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς μεγάλης ἐπιβολῆς ἀποτυχὼν πάλιν προσεκαρτέρει τῷ χώματι καὶ τῷ πλήθει τῶν νεῶν παρείχετο τοῖς ἐργαζομένοις τὴν ἀσφάλειαν.
The king, having failed in his great attempt, once more persisted with the mole, and with his multitude of ships provided safety for the workers.
τῶν δʼ ἔργων πλησιαζόντων τῇ πόλει καὶ τῆς ἁλώσεως προσδοκωμένης ἀργέστης ἄνεμος μέγας ἐπεγένετο καὶ τοῦ χώματος πολὺ μέρος ἐλυμήνατο.
But as the works approached the city and its capture was expected, a great northwest wind arose and destroyed a large part of the mole.
§17.42.6ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος εἰς ἀμηχανίαν ἐμπίπτων διὰ τὴν αὐτόματον τῶν ἔργων φθορὰν μετεμέλετο μὲν ἐπὶ τῇ τῆς πολιορκίας ἐπιβολῇ, ὅμως δὲ τῇ φιλοτιμίᾳ προαγόμενος ἐκ τῆς ὀρεινῆς ἐκκόπτων ὑπερμεγέθη δένδρα παρεκόμιζε καὶ σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς κλάδοις ἐγχώσας ἐνέφραξε τὴν βίαν τοῦ κλύδωνος.
Alexander, falling into helplessness because of this natural destruction of the works, even regretted his undertaking of the siege; nevertheless, driven by his love of honor, he cut down immense trees from the mountainous region, brought them there, and by burying them, branches and all, blocked the force of the waves.
§17.42.7ταχὺ δʼ ἀποκαταστήσας τὰ πεπονηκότα τοῦ χώματος καὶ τῇ πολυχειρίᾳ προκόψας εἰς βέλους ἄφεσιν ἐπέστησε τὰς μηχανὰς ἐπʼ ἄκρον τὸ χῶμα καὶ τοῖς μὲν πετροβόλοις κατέβαλλε τὰ τείχη, τοῖς δʼ ὀξυβελέσιν ἀνεῖργε τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπάλξεων ἐφεστῶτας· συνηγωνίζοντο δὲ τούτοις οἵ τε τοξόται καὶ σφενδονῆται καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει παραβοηθοῦντας κατετίτρωσκον.
Having quickly restored the damaged parts of the mole and advanced within range of missiles by means of a multitude of hands, he stationed his engines on the edge of the mole, and with the stone-throwers he began to batter down the walls, while with the bolt-shooters he kept back those stationed on the battlements; the archers and slingers fought alongside these, wounding many of those in the city who came to assist.

Notes

  1. §17.42.2τῶν ἀντιπροσώπων ὄντων — The genitive `τῶν ἀντιπροσώπων` with the participle `ὄντων` modifies `τὰ νῶτα` (the backs). The adjective `ἀντιπρόσωπος` means "facing (the enemy)". It describes a situation where the workers were facing forward on the narrow mole, leaving their backs exposed to the missiles coming from the enemy vessels that had sailed around them.
  2. §17.42.4παρʼ ὀλίγον μὲν ἦλθον τοῦ πάντες ἀπολέσθαι — The idiom `παρʼ ὀλίγον ἔρχομαι` followed by an articular infinitive in the genitive (`τοῦ` + infinitive) expresses a near-occurrence of an event, meaning "came within a narrow margin of [doing/being done]" or "almost [did/was done]".
  3. §17.42.6σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς κλάδοις — The preposition `σύν` combined with the dative of `αὐτός` and a noun (here `τοῖς κλάδοις`) is an idiomatic construction (sociative use of `αὐτός`) meaning "together with," "including," or "branches and all," emphasizing that the trees were buried along with their branches.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.42.1-17.42.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.42.1-17.42.7

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