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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §17.18.1-17.18.4

Athena's Sacred Armor and the Rejection of Memnon's Plan

Passage 623 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Alexander equips himself with sacred armor from Athena's temple for his upcoming battle, while the Persian commanders reject Memnon's scorched-earth strategy and prepare for a direct clash at the Granicus River.

§17.18.1ὁ δʼ Ἀλέξανδρος ἀποδεξάμενος τὴν τοῦ μάντεως πρόρρησιν τῇ μὲν Ἀθηνᾷ λαμπρὰν ἐπετέλεσε θυσίαν καὶ τὸ μὲν ἴδιον ὅπλον ἀνέθηκε τῇ θεῷ, τῶν δʼ ἐν τῷ νεῷ κειμένων ὅπλων τὸ κράτιστον ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τούτῳ καθοπλισθεὶς ἐχρήσατο κατὰ τὴν πρώτην μάχην, ἣν διὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἀνδραγαθίας κρίνας περιβόητον ἔσχε τὴν νίκην.
Alexander, accepting the prediction of the seer, performed a magnificent sacrifice to Athena and dedicated his own armor to the goddess. Having taken the finest of the arms lying in the temple and equipped himself with it, he used it in the first battle, in which, having decided the issue through his own valor, he obtained a celebrated victory.
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ὕστερον ἡμέραις ὀλίγαις ἐπράχθη.
But these things were done a few days later.
§17.18.2οἱ δὲ τῶν Περσῶν σατράπαι καὶ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ μὲν κωλῦσαι τῶν Μακεδόνων τὴν διάβασιν ὑστέρησαν, ἀθροισθέντες δʼ ἐβουλεύοντο πῶς χρὴ διαπολεμεῖν τοῖς περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον.
The Persian satraps and generals failed to prevent the crossing of the Macedonians, but having assembled they deliberated on how they should carry on the war to the end against those around Alexander.
Μέμνων μὲν οὖν ὁ Ῥόδιος, διαβεβοημένος ἐπὶ συνέσει στρατηγικῇ, συνεβούλευε κατὰ στόμα μὲν μὴ διακινδυνεύειν, τὴν δὲ χώραν φθείρειν καὶ τῇ σπάνει τῶν ἀναγκαίων εἴργειν τοὺς Μακεδόνας τῆς εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν πορείας, διαβιβάζειν δὲ καὶ δυνάμεις εἰς τὴν Μακεδονίαν ναυτικάς τε καὶ πεζικὰς καὶ τὸν ὅλον πόλεμον εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην μεταγαγεῖν.
Now Memnon the Rhodian, celebrated for his military understanding, advised not to risk a battle face to face, but to devastate the land and by the scarcity of provisions to bar the Macedonians from their onward march, and also to transport naval and land forces into Macedonia and transfer the whole war into Europe.
§17.18.3ὁ δʼ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἄριστα μὲν συνεβούλευεν, ὡς ἐκ τῶν ἀποτελεσμάτων ἐγενήθη φανερόν, οὐ μὴν ἔπεισε τοὺς ἄλλους ἡγεμόνας, ὡς ἀνάξια συμβουλεύων τῆς Περσῶν μεγαλοψυχίας.
This man gave the best advice, as became clear from the results, yet he did not persuade the other leaders, since they regarded him as advising things unworthy of the Persian greatness of soul.
§17.18.4διόπερ ἐπικρατούσης τῆς τοῦ διαγωνίζεσθαι γνώμης οὗτοι μὲν τὰς πανταχόθεν δυνάμεις μεταπεμψάμενοι καὶ πολλαπλάσιοι γενόμενοι τῶν Μακεδόνων προῆγον ἐπὶ Φρυγίας τῆς ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντου.
Therefore, since the opinion to fight it out prevailed, they, having summoned their forces from all sides and having become many times more numerous than the Macedonians, advanced toward Phrygia on the Hellespont.
κατεστρατοπέδευσαν δὲ παρὰ τὸν Γρανικὸν ποταμόν, προβαλλόμενοι τὸ ῥεῖθρον τοῦ προειρημένου ποταμοῦ.
And they encamped beside the river Granicus, putting forward the stream of the aforementioned river as a barrier.

Notes

  1. 17.18.1περιβόητον ἔσχε τὴν νίκην — The adjective περιβόητον (celebrated) functions as a predicate adjective with the direct object τὴν νίκην, modifying the result of the verb ἔσχε (obtained), meaning 'he held the victory as a celebrated one' (i.e., 'won a celebrated victory').
  2. 17.18.2τοῦ μὲν κωλῦσαι τῶν Μακεδόνων τὴν διάβασιν ὑστέρησαν — The verb ὑστέρησαν (failed / fell short) takes a genitive of separation or comparison, here represented by the articular infinitive τοῦ κωλῦσαι (to prevent). The genitive τῶν Μακεδόνων (of the Macedonians) acts as the subject of the verbal noun τὴν διάβασιν (crossing).
  3. 17.18.3ὡς ἀνάξια συμβουλεύων τῆς Περσῶν μεγαλοψυχίας — The conjunction ὡς combined with the participle συμβουλεύων expresses the subjective reason or thoughts of the main clause's subject ('since they regarded him as advising...'). The neuter plural accusative ἀνάξια is used adverbially or as a complement, governing the genitive τῆς Περσῶν μεγαλοψυχίας (unworthy of the Persian greatness of soul).
  4. 17.18.4ἐπικρατούσης τῆς τοῦ διαγωνίζεσθαι γνώμης — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the noun τῆς γνώμης and the present participle ἐπικρατούσης (the opinion prevailing). The articular infinitive in the genitive, τοῦ διαγωνίζεσθαι, acts as an appositive genitive explaining the content of the 'opinion' (γνώμη).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §17.18.1-17.18.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:17.18.1-17.18.4

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