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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.84.1-16.84.5

Seizure of Elateia and Demosthenes' Call for Alliance

Passage 592 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Upon hearing the news of Philip II's seizure of Elateia, Athens falls into panic, and Demosthenes rises in the assembly to propose an immediate alliance with the Boeotians of Thebes.

§16.84.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Χαρώνδου τὴν ὕπατον ἀρχὴν διεδέξαντο Λεύκιος Αἰμίλιος καὶ Γάιος Πλώτιος.
At Athens, when Charondas was archon, Lucius Aemilius and Gaius Plotius succeeded to the consular office.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Φίλιππος ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς πλείστους τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς φιλίαν προηγμένος ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο καὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καταπληξάμενος ἀδήριτον ἔχειν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τῆς Ἑλλάδος.
During their term, King Philip, having drawn most of the Greeks into friendship, was eager to strike terror into the Athenians and to hold the hegemony of Greece uncontested.
§16.84.2διόπερ ἄφνω καταλαβόμενος Ἐλάτειαν πόλιν καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις εἰς ταύτην ἀθροίσας διέγνω πολεμεῖν τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις.
Therefore, having suddenly seized the city of Elateia and assembled his forces in it, he resolved to make war on the Athenians.
ἀπαρασκεύων δʼ ὄντων αὐτῶν διὰ τὴν συντεθειμένην εἰρήνην ἤλπιζε ῥᾳδίως περιποιήσεσθαι τὴν νίκην· ὅπερ καὶ συνετελέσθη.
And since they were unprepared because of the peace that had been concluded, he hoped to secure the victory easily; which indeed was accomplished.
καταληφθείσης γὰρ τῆς Ἐλατείας ἧκόν τινες νυκτὸς ἀπαγγέλλοντες τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς πόλεως καὶ διότι ταχέως ἥξει Φίλιππος μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν.
For when Elateia was seized, some men arrived by night reporting the capture of the city and that Philip would soon come with his army into Attica.
§16.84.3οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων διὰ τὸ παράδοξον τῆς πράξεως καταπλαγέντες τούς τε σαλπικτὰς μετεπέμποντο καὶ σημαίνειν προσέταττον διʼ ὅλης τῆς νυκτός.
The generals of the Athenians, astounded by the unexpectedness of the event, sent for the trumpeters and ordered them to sound the alarm throughout the entire night.
τῆς δὲ φήμης εἰς πᾶσαν οἰκίαν διαδοθείσης ἡ μὲν πόλις ὀρθὴ διὰ τὸν φόβον ἦν, ὁ δὲ δῆμος ἅπας ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ συνέδραμεν εἰς τὸ θέατρον πρὸ τοῦ συγκαλέσαι τοὺς ἄρχοντας ὡς ἦν ἔθος.
When the rumor spread to every house, the city was on edge through fear, and the entire populace at daybreak ran together into the theater, before the officials could summon them as was the custom.
§16.84.4ὡς δʼ ἧκον οἱ στρατηγοὶ καὶ τὸν μηνύσαντα παρῆγον κἀκεῖνος εἶπεν, σιωπὴ μὲν καὶ φόβος κατεῖχε τὸ θέατρον καὶ τῶν εἰωθότων δημηγορεῖν οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμα συμβουλεῦσαι·
When the generals arrived and brought forward the informant and he spoke, silence and fear held the theater, and of those accustomed to speak in the assembly, no one dared to give counsel.
πλεονάκις δὲ τοῦ κήρυκος καλέσαντος τοὺς ἐροῦντας ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας οὐδεὶς παρῄει σύμβουλος.
And though the herald repeatedly called for those who would speak on behalf of the common safety, no advisor came forward.
§16.84.5ἀπορίας οὖν μεγάλης οὔσης καὶ καταπλήξεως ἀπέβλεπε τὸ πλῆθος ἐπὶ τὸν Δημοσθένην.
In the midst of great perplexity and dismay, therefore, the multitude looked toward Demosthenes.
ὁ δʼ καταβὰς καὶ τὸν δῆμον παρακαλέσας θαρρεῖν ἀπεφαίνετο δεῖν παραχρῆμα πρέσβεις ἀποστέλλειν εἰς τὰς Θήβας καὶ παρακαλεῖν τοὺς Βοιωτοὺς κοινῇ τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἀγῶνα τίθεσθαι·
And he, coming forward and urging the people to take courage, declared that they must immediately dispatch envoys to Thebes and urge the Boeotians to join in making the struggle for freedom.
πρὸς γὰρ τοὺς ἄλλους συμμάχους ὁ καιρὸς οὐ συνεχώρει πέμπειν πρεσβείας περὶ τῆς συμμαχίας.
For with respect to the other allies, the crisis did not permit sending embassies concerning an alliance.
ἐν ἡμέραις γὰρ δυσὶ προσδόκιμος ἦν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἥξειν εἰς τὴν Ἀττικὴν καὶ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας οὔσης διὰ τῆς Βοιωτίας ἡ παρὰ τῶν Βοιωτῶν συμμαχία μόνη κατελείπετο, φανεροῦ γʼ ὄντος ὅτι Φίλιππος, φίλος ὢν καὶ σύμμαχος Βοιωτοῖς, τούτους ἐν παρόδῳ πειράσεται παραλαβεῖν εἰς τὸν κατʼ Ἀθηναίων πόλεμον.
For within two days the king was expected to arrive in Attica, and since his march was through Boeotia, the alliance with the Boeotians was the only one left, especially as it was clear that Philip, being a friend and ally to the Boeotians, would attempt to enlist them on his way in the war against the Athenians.

Notes

  1. §16.84.1ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο ... ἔχειν — The verb ἐφιλοτιμεῖτο ("was eager") governs the following infinitive ἔχειν ("to hold"). The participle καταπληξάμενος expresses the means or prior action ("having struck terror into the Athenians"). The adjective ἀδήριτον ("uncontested") functions as a predicate adjective modifying τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, which is the object of ἔχειν.
  2. §16.84.2ἀπαρασκεύων δʼ ὄντων αὐτῶν — A genitive absolute construction. The pronoun αὐτῶν ("they") refers to the Athenians, and the reason for their being unprepared is supplemented by the causal phrase διὰ τὴν συντεθειμένην εἰρήνην ("because of the concluded peace").
  3. §16.84.3ὀρθὴ ... ἦν — The adjective ὀρθός (literally "upright") is used here metaphorically to describe the city being in a state of high suspense, excitement, or on edge due to fear.
  4. §16.84.5καταβὰς — The participle καταβάς ("having come down") refers to Demosthenes descending from his seat to the speaking platform (or the center of the assembly). While rising to speak is usually expressed by ἀναβαίνω ("to go up"), this word may reflect the physical topography of the Pnyx in Athens, where speakers would descend from the seating area to the lower bema.
  5. §16.84.5προσδόκιμος ἦν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἥξειν — A personal construction where the adjective προσδόκιμος ("expected") agrees with the subject ὁ βασιλεὺς ("the king") and is followed by the infinitive ἥξειν. It has the same meaning as an impersonal construction ("it was expected that the king would arrive").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.84.1-16.84.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.84.1-16.84.5

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