Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.54.1-16.54.4

Demosthenes' Resistance and Philip's Bribery

Passage 562 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Athenians, prompted by Demosthenes, urged Greek cities to maintain autonomy and execute traitors, while Philip leveraged bribery and gold to corrupt citizens and capture otherwise impregnable cities.

§16.54.1οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι τὴν αὔξησιν ὑφορώμενοι τοῦ Φιλίππου τοῖς ἀεὶ πολεμουμένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ἐβοήθουν, πρέσβεις ἀποστέλλοντες ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις καὶ παρακαλοῦντες τηρεῖν τὴν αὐτονομίαν καὶ τοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν ὁρμῶντας τῶν πολιτῶν θανάτῳ κολάζειν· ἐπηγγέλλοντο δὲ πᾶσι συμμαχήσειν καὶ φανερῶς ἑαυτοὺς πολεμίους ἀποδείξαντες τῷ βασιλεῖ διεπολέμουν πρὸς Φίλιππον.
The Athenians, viewing with suspicion the growth of Philip, were helping those who were from time to time attacked by the king, sending envoys to the cities and exhorting them to maintain their independence and to punish with death those of the citizens who were rushing towards treachery; and they promised to make alliance with all and, having openly declared themselves enemies to the king, they carried on war against Philip.
§16.54.2μάλιστα δʼ αὐτοὺς παρώξυνε προστῆναι τῆς Ἑλλάδος Δημοσθένης ὁ ῥήτωρ, δεινότατος ὢν τῶν κατʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους Ἑλλήνων.
Most of all, Demosthenes the orator, who was the most powerful of the Greeks of those times, incited them to champion the cause of Greece.
οὐ μὴν ἡ πόλις γε ἀναστεῖλαι τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν προδοσίαν ὁρμῆς ἠδυνήθη τοὺς πολίτας· τοιαύτη γὰρ φορά τις προδοτῶν ὑπῆρξε τότε κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα.
However, the city was not able to restrain its citizens from their rush toward treachery; for such a crop of traitors existed at that time throughout Greece.
§16.54.3διὸ καί φασι τὸν Φίλιππον βουλόμενον ἑλεῖν τινα πόλιν ὀχυρότητι διαφέρουσαν, εἰπόντος τινὸς αὐτῷ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἀνάλωτον αὐτὴν ἐκ βίας ὑπάρχειν, ἐπερωτῆσαι εἰ οὐδʼ ὁ χρυσὸς τὸ τεῖχος ὑπερβῆναι δυνατός ἐστιν.
Therefore they say that when Philip wished to capture a certain city outstanding for its strength, and one of the locals told him that it was impregnable by force, he asked whether not even gold was able to scale its wall.
§16.54.4ἦν γὰρ πεῖραν εἰληφὼς ὅτι τὰ τοῖς ὅπλοις ἀδύνατα χειρωθῆναι τῷ χρυσῷ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι καταπολεμῆσαι.
For he had learned by experience that what was impossible to be subdued by arms was easy to defeat with gold.
ἐγκατασκευάζων οὖν ἐν ταῖς πόλεσι προδότας διὰ τῆς δωροδοκίας καὶ τοὺς δεχομένους τὸ χρυσίον ξένους καὶ φίλους ὀνομάζων ταῖς πονηραῖς ὁμιλίαις διέφθειρε τὰ ἤθη τῶν ἀνθρώπων.
Thus, by creating traitors in the cities through bribery, and calling those who accepted his gold his 'guest-friends' and 'friends,' he corrupted the morals of the people by evil associations.

Notes

  1. §16.54.1τοῖς ἀεὶ πολεμουμένοις — Present passive participle of the verb πολεμέω (to wage war). While in the active voice it takes a dative meaning 'to wage war against,' in the passive it means 'those who are being attacked' or 'those against whom war is waged.' ἀεί means 'from time to time' or 'constantly'.
  2. §16.54.2προστῆναι — Second aorist active infinitive of προΐστημι, which has an intransitive meaning and governs the genitive (here, τῆς Ἑλλάδος). It functions as an object complement to αὐτούς (the Athenians), which is the object of the verb παρώξυνε, meaning 'to stand at the head of Greece' or 'to champion the cause of Greece'.
  3. §16.54.3εἰπόντος τινὸς αὐτῷ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἀνάλωτον αὐτὴν ἐκ βίας ὑπάρχειν — A genitive absolute construction (εἰπόντος τινὸς ... τῶν ἐγχωρίων) enclosing an accusative with infinitive clause (ἀνάλωτον αὐτὴν ... ὑπάρχειν) which reports what was said. αὐτήν refers back to the 'city' (πόλιν).
  4. §16.54.4ἦν γὰρ πεῖραν εἰληφὼς — A periphrastic construction combining the imperfect of the verb to be (ἦν) with the perfect active participle (εἰληφὼς, from λαμβάνω), functioning essentially as a pluperfect meaning 'he had learned by experience' or 'he had realized'.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.54.1-16.54.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.54.1-16.54.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.