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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.22.1-16.22.3

End of the Social War and Philip II's Northern Campaign

Passage 530 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Chares relieves Athenian finances by aiding the rebellious Persian satrap Artabazus, but this causes the Persian King to threaten intervention, forcing Athens to conclude the Social War. Meanwhile in Macedonia, Philip II swiftly defeats a coalition of Thracian, Paeonian, and Illyrian kings before they can organize their forces.

§16.22.1Χάρης δὲ παραλαβὼν παντὸς τοῦ στόλου τὴν ἡγεμονίαν καὶ σπεύδων τῆς δαπάνης ἀπαλλάξαι τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἐπεχείρησε πράξει παραβόλῳ·
Chares, having taken over the command of the entire fleet and being eager to relieve the Athenians of the expense, undertook a daring enterprise.
Ἀρταβάζου γὰρ ἀποστάντος ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ μέλλοντος ὀλίγοις στρατιώταις πρὸς τοὺς σατράπας διαγωνίζεσθαι μυριάδας ἑπτὰ στρατιωτῶν ἔχοντας, συμμαχήσαντος αὐτῷ Χάρητος πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει καὶ νικήσαντος τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως δύναμιν, ὁ μὲν Ἀρτάβαζος ἀποδιδοὺς τῆς εὐεργεσίας χάριτας ἐδωρήσατο πλῆθος χρημάτων, ἐξ ὧν δυνατὸν ἦν πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν ὀψωνιάζεσθαι,
For when Artabazus had revolted from the King and was about to contend with a few soldiers against the satraps who had seventy thousand soldiers, Chares allied with him with his entire force and defeated the King's force; and Artabazus, returning thanks for this service, presented him with a large sum of money, from which it was possible to pay the entire army.
§16.22.2οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπεδέξαντο τὴν πρᾶξιν τοῦ Χάρητος, ὕστερον δὲ τοῦ βασιλέως πρέσβεις ἀποστείλαντος καὶ κατηγοροῦντος τοῦ Χάρητος τὴν ἐναντίαν ἔσχον γνώμην·
The Athenians at first approved of Chares' action, but later, when the King sent ambassadors and accused Chares, they changed their mind.
διεδόθη γὰρ λόγος ὅτι τοῖς πολεμίοις τῶν Ἀθηναίων βασιλεὺς ἐπηγγείλατο τριακοσίαις ναυσὶ συγκαταπολεμήσειν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους.
For a report was spread that the King had promised the enemies of the Athenians to join them in making war against the Athenians with three hundred ships.
ταῦτʼ οὖν ὁ δῆμος εὐλαβηθεὶς ἔκρινε καταλύσασθαι τὸν πρὸς τοὺς ἀφεστηκότας πόλεμον· εὑρὼν δὲ κἀκείνους ἐπιθυμοῦντας τῆς εἰρήνης ῥᾳδίως πρὸς αὐτοὺς διελύσατο.
The people, therefore, taking precaution against this, decided to end the war against the revolted allies; and finding that they too desired peace, they easily came to terms with them.
ὁ μὲν οὖν συμμαχικὸς ὀνομασθεὶς πόλεμος τοιοῦτον ἔσχε τὸ τέλος, διαμείνας ἔτη τέτταρα.
Thus the war which was called the Social War reached such an end, having lasted four years.
§16.22.3κατὰ δὲ τὴν Μακεδονίαν τρεῖς βασιλεῖς συνέστησαν ἐπὶ τὸν Φίλιππον, ὅ τε τῶν Θρᾳκῶν καὶ Παιόνων καὶ Ἰλλυριῶν.
In Macedonia, three kings combined against Philip: the king of the Thracians, the king of the Paeonians, and the king of the Illyrians.
οὗτοι γὰρ ὄντες ὅμοροι τοῖς Μακεδόσι καὶ τὴν αὔξησιν ὑφορώμενοι τοῦ Φιλίππου καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς μὲν οὐκ ἦσαν ἀξιόμαχοι προηττημένοι, κοινῇ δὲ πολεμοῦντες ὑπέλαβον ῥᾳδίως αὐτοῦ περιέσεσθαι.
For being neighbors to the Macedonians and viewing the growth of Philip with suspicion, though they were not a match for him individually because they had been defeated beforehand, they supposed that by waging war together they would easily overcome him.
διόπερ ἀθροιζόντων τὰς δυνάμεις ἐπιφανεὶς ἀσυντάκτοις καὶ καταπληξάμενος ἠνάγκασε προσθέσθαι τοῖς Μακεδόσιν.
Therefore, while they were assembling their forces, Philip appeared when they were still unorganized, and having struck them with terror, he compelled them to submit to the Macedonians.

Notes

  1. §16.22.1Ἀρταβάζου γὰρ ἀποστάντος ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ μέλλοντος ὀλίγοις στρατιώταις πρὸς τοὺς σατράπας διαγωνίζεσθαι μυριάδας ἑπτὰ στρατιωτῶν ἔχοντας, συμμαχήσαντος αὐτῷ Χάρητος πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει καὶ νικήσαντος τὴν τοῦ βασιλέως δύναμιν, ὁ μὲν Ἀρτάβαζος ἀποδιδοὺς τῆς εὐεργεσίας χάριτας ἐδωρήσατο — This long sentence contains two sets of genitive absolute constructions. The first, `Ἀρταβάζου ἀποστάντος... καὶ μέλλοντος...` (when Artabazus had revolted... and was about to contend), and the second, `συμμαχήσαντος αὐτῷ Χάρητος... καὶ νικήσαντος...` (since Chares had allied with him... and defeated), are sequenced together before leading to the subject of the main clause, `ὁ μὲν Ἀρτάβαζος`. They form a complex clause structure explaining the reason (`γάρ`) for Chares' bold enterprise.
  2. §16.22.2τοῖς πολεμίοις τῶν Ἀθηναίων βασιλεὺς ἐπηγγείλατο τριακοσίαις ναυσὶ συγκαταπολεμήσειν τοὺς Ἀθηναίους — The future infinitive `συγκαταπολεμήσειν` (to join in waging war) takes both a dative and an accusative object. The dative `τοῖς πολεμίοις` indicates the party with whom the alliance is made (the enemies of the Athenians), while the accusative `τοὺς Ἀθηναίους` indicates the target of the hostility (the Athenians).
  3. §16.22.3ἀσυντάκτοις — Dative plural of the adjective `ἀσύντακτος` (unorganized, disordered). It functions as the dative object of the participle `ἐπιφανείς` (having appeared before), meaning 'appearing before them while they were still in disorder', referring to the kings before they could draw up their forces in battle order.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.22.1-16.22.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.22.1-16.22.3

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