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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §16.20.1-16.20.6

Dion's Relief of Syracuse and Appointment as General

Passage 528 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Receiving a plea for help from Syracuse, Dion forgave the citizens and immediately marched to defeat the plundering enemy inside the city. After restoring order and fortifying the city, he was gratefully elected general with absolute power by the people.

§16.20.1ἅμα δʼ ἡμέρᾳ τὸ μὲν τῆς συμφορᾶς μέγεθος συνεωράθη, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι, μίαν ἔχοντες σωτηρίαν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Δίωνος βοήθειαν, ἐξαπέστειλαν ἱππεῖς εἰς Λεοντίνους, δεόμενοι τοῦ Δίωνος μὴ περιιδεῖν τὴν πατρίδα δοριάλωτον γινομένην καὶ τῶν μὲν ἡμαρτημένων δοῦναι συγγνώμην αὐτοῖς, τὰς δὲ παρούσας δυστυχίας ἐλεήσαντα διορθώσασθαι τὴν τῆς πατρίδος συμφοράν.
At daybreak, the magnitude of the disaster became visible, and the Syracusans, having their only hope of safety in the aid from Dion, dispatched horsemen to Leontini, begging Dion not to look on while his fatherland was being captured by the spear, but to grant them forgiveness for their past errors, and, having pity on their present misfortunes, to remedy the disaster of his fatherland.
§16.20.2ὁ δὲ Δίων λαμπρὸς ὢν τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐκ φιλοσοφίας παιδείαν ἐξημερωμένος τοὺς λογισμοὺς οὐκ ἐμνησικάκησε τοῖς πολίταις, ἀλλὰ τοὺς μισθοφόρους πείσας παραχρῆμα ἀνέζευξε καὶ διανύσας ὀξέως τὴν εἰς Συρακούσσας ὁδὸν ἧκε πρὸς τὰ Ἑξάπυλα.
But Dion, being noble in his soul and having his reasoning tempered by the education derived from philosophy, did not bear a grudge against his citizens, but having immediately persuaded his mercenaries, he set out and, rapidly completing the journey to Syracuse, arrived at Hexapyla.
§16.20.3ἐνταῦθα δὲ διατάξας τοὺς στρατιώτας προσῆγε κατὰ τάχος καὶ κατέλαβεν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τέκνα μὲν καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ τοὺς γεγηρακότας ὑπὲρ τοὺς μυρίους· οὗτοι δὲ πάντες ἀπαντῶντες μετὰ δακρύων ἱκέτευον ἀμῦναι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀκληρήμασιν.
There, having drawn up his soldiers, he led them on with speed and met more than ten thousand children, women, and aged people fleeing from the city; all of these met him with tears and begged him to ward off their own misfortunes.
οἱ δʼ ἐκ τῆς ἀκροπόλεως μισθοφόροι κεκρατηκότες ἤδη τῆς προθέσεως τὰς μὲν περὶ τὴν ἀγορὰν οἰκίας διαρπάσαντες ἐνέπρησαν, ἐπὶ δὲ τὰς λοιπὰς ὁρμήσαντες διήρπαζον τὰς ἐν ταύταις κτήσεις.
But the mercenaries from the acropolis, having already mastered their purpose, plundered and set fire to the houses around the market-place, and rushing upon the rest, they began to plunder the possessions in them.
§16.20.4καθʼ ὃν δὴ καιρὸν Δίων κατὰ πλείους τόπους εἰσπεσὼν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις περὶ τὰς ἁρπαγὰς ἀσχολουμένοις ἐπιθέμενος πάντας τοὺς περιτυγχάνοντας ἔκτεινε κομίζοντας ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων παντοδαπὰς κατασκευάς· διὰ δὲ τὸ παράδοξον τῆς παρουσίας καὶ τὴν ἀταξίαν καὶ τὴν ταραχὴν τῶν διαφορούντων τὰς κτήσεις εὐχερῶς ἅπαντες ἐχειροῦντο.
At this very time, Dion, having burst into the city at several points and having attacked the enemy who were busy with their plunder, killed all whom he met as they were carrying on their shoulders all kinds of household goods; and because of the unexpectedness of his arrival and the lack of order and confusion of those who were plundering the possessions, they were all easily subdued.
τέλος δὲ πλειόνων ἢ τετρακισχιλίων φονευθέντων, τῶν μὲν ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις, τῶν δʼ ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς, οἱ λοιποὶ συνέφυγον εἰς τὴν ἀκρόπολιν καὶ τὰς πύλας κλείσαντες ἐξέφυγον τὸν κίνδυνον.
At last, after more than four thousand had been slain, some in the houses and others in the streets, the rest fled together into the acropolis and, having shut the gates, escaped the danger.
§16.20.5Δίων δὲ κάλλιστον τῶν προγεγενημένων ἔργων ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ διαπραξάμενος τὰς μὲν καιομένας οἰκίας διέσωσε κατασβέσας τὴν φλόγα, τὸ δὲ περιτείχισμα καλῶς κατασκευασάμενος μιᾷ πράξει τήν τε πόλιν ὠχύρωσε καὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀποτειχίσας εἶρξε τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐξόδου.
Dion, having performed the most glorious of the deeds ever achieved by him, saved the burning houses by extinguishing the flame, and by skillfully constructing the counter-wall, by a single action he both fortified the city and shut off the enemy by a wall, excluding them from any exit to the land.
καθαρὰν δὲ τῶν νεκρῶν ποιήσας τὴν πόλιν καὶ τρόπαιον στήσας ἔθυσε τοῖς θεοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας.
Having cleared the city of the dead and set up a trophy, he sacrificed to the gods for their safety.
§16.20.6συναχθείσης δʼ ἐκκλησίας ὁ μὲν δῆμος εὐχαριστῶν αὐτῷ στρατηγὸν ἐχειροτόνησεν αὐτοκράτορα τὸν Δίωνα καὶ τιμὰς ἀπένειμεν ἡρωικάς, ὁ δὲ Δίων ἀκολούθως τοῖς πεπραγμένοις ἐπιεικῶς τοὺς μὲν ἐχθροὺς ἅπαντας ἀπέλυσε τῶν ἐγκλημάτων καὶ τὸ πλῆθος παραμυθησάμενος εἰς κοινὴν ἤγαγεν ὁμόνοιαν.
When an assembly was gathered, the people in gratitude elected Dion general with absolute power and bestowed upon him heroic honours, while Dion, in accordance with his past actions, magnanimously released all his enemies from the charges and, comforting the multitude, brought them to a common harmony.
οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι πανδήμοις ἐπαίνοις καὶ ἀποδοχαῖς μεγάλαις ἐτίμων τὸν εὐεργέτην ὡς μόνον σωτῆρα γεγονότα τῆς πατρίδος.
The Syracusans, with public praises and great receptions, honoured their benefactor as having become the sole savior of his fatherland.
καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And the affairs in Sicily were in this state.

Notes

  1. §16.20.1μὴ περιιδεῖν τὴν πατρίδα δοριάλωτον γινομένην — The verb περιοράω (to overlook, allow) takes a participle as its complement (here γινομένην). It forms an infinitive clause of indirect command, meaning 'not to look on while his fatherland was being captured by the spear.'
  2. §16.20.2τὴν ψυχὴν ... τοὺς λογισμοὺς — Both are accusatives of respect (or specification), restricting the meaning of the adjective λαμπρός ('noble in his soul') and the passive participle ἐξημερωμένος ('tempered in his reasoning') respectively.
  3. §16.20.4καθʼ ὃν δὴ καιρὸν Δίων ... ἔκτεινε — The core structure of this long main clause is 'At this very time, Dion [...] killed all whom he met.' Two circumstantial participles in apposition to the subject Δίων, namely εἰσπεσὼν ('having burst into') and ἐπιθέμενος ('having attacked,' which governs the dative complement τοῖς πολεμίοις... ἀσχολουμένοις), lead to the main verb, the imperfect ἔκτεινε.
  4. §16.20.5εἶρξε τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐξόδου — The verb εἴργω (to shut out, exclude) takes an accusative of the direct object (τοὺς πολεμίους) and a genitive of separation expressing that from which they are excluded (τῆς... ἐξόδου): 'he excluded the enemy from any exit to the land.'
  5. §16.20.6ἀκολούθως τοῖς πεπραγμένοις — The adverb ἀκολούθως (in accordance with) governs the dative case. Here, τοῖς πεπραγμένοις (the things done) refers to the consistent and magnanimous pattern of Dion's past actions—namely, saving Syracuse, being exiled, and returning to save them again.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §16.20.1-16.20.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:16.20.1-16.20.6

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