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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.92.1-15.92.5

Betrayal of Rheomithres and Fall of King Tachos

Passage 504 of 723 · Greek

Summary

This section describes Rheomithres' betrayal to reconcile with the Persian King, King Tachos of Egypt's military preparations, and the subsequent usurpation of the Egyptian throne by Nectanebos during Tachos' absence, forcing Tachos to flee to Persia.

§15.92.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις Ῥεομίθρης, ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστατῶν πεμφθεὶς εἰς Αἴγυπτον πρὸς Ταχὼ τὸν βασιλέα, καὶ λαβὼν ἀργυρίου μὲν τάλαντα πεντακόσια, ναῦς δὲ μακρὰς πεντήκοντα, κατέπλευσε τῆς Ἀσίας εἰς τὰς ὀνομαζομένας Λεύκας.
At the same time that these things were being done, Rheomithres, sent by the rebels to Egypt to King Tachos, and having received five hundred talents of silver and fifty warships, sailed to Asia, to the place called Leucae.
εἰς δὲ ταύτην τὴν πόλιν μεταπεμψάμενος πολλοὺς τῶν ἀφεστηκότων ἡγεμόνας, τούτους μὲν συλλαβὼν καὶ δήσας ἀνέπεμψε πρὸς Ἀρταξέρξην, αὐτὸς δὲ ἀποστάτης γενόμενος ταῖς ἐκ τῆς προδοσίας δωρεαῖς διελύσατο τὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα.
And having summoned many of the rebel leaders to this city, he arrested them and bound them and sent them to Artaxerxes, and he himself, becoming an apostate from the rebels, settled his differences with the King by means of the gifts resulting from the betrayal.
§15.92.2κατὰ δὲ τὴν Αἴγυπτον Ταχὼς ὁ βασιλεὺς κατασκευασάμενος τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον διακοσίας μὲν τριήρεις εἶχε πολυτελῶς κεκοσμημένας, μισθοφόρους δʼ ἐπιλέκτους ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος μυρίους, χωρὶς δὲ τούτων πεζοὺς στρατιώτας Αἰγυπτίους ὀκτακισμυρίους.
In Egypt, King Tachos, having prepared what was necessary for the war, had two hundred triremes sumptuously equipped, ten thousand elite mercenaries from Greece, and besides these, eighty thousand Egyptian infantry soldiers.
καὶ τῶν μὲν μισθοφόρων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν παρέδωκεν Ἀγησιλάῳ τῷ Σπαρτιάτῃ, ἀπεσταλμένῳ μὲν ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπὶ συμμαχίαν μεθʼ ὁπλιτῶν χιλίων, δυναμένῳ δʼ ἡγεῖσθαι στρατιωτῶν καὶ διʼ ἀνδρείαν καὶ στρατηγικὴν σύνεσιν τεθαυμασμένῳ·
And he delivered the command of the mercenaries to Agesilaus the Spartan, who had been sent by the Lacedaemonians for an alliance with a thousand hoplites, and who was capable of leading soldiers and admired for both his courage and his strategic wisdom.
§15.92.3τοῦ δὲ ναυτικοῦ τὴν στρατηγίαν ἐνεχείρισε Χαβρίᾳ τῷ Ἀθηναίῳ, δημοσίᾳ μὲν ὑπὸ τῆς πατρίδος οὐκ ἀπεσταλμένῳ, ἰδίᾳ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως συστρατεύειν πεπεισμένῳ.
And he entrusted the command of the fleet to Chabrias the Athenian, who had not been sent officially by his homeland, but had been persuaded privately by the King to campaign with him.
αὐτὸς δὲ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἔχων τὴν ἡγεμονίαν καὶ στρατηγὸς ὢν ἁπάσης τῆς δυνάμεως, Ἀγησιλάῳ μὲν συμβουλεύσαντι μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ διὰ τῶν στρατηγῶν τὸν πόλεμον διοικεῖν οὐ προσέσχε καλῶς συμβουλεύοντι.
But he himself, having the command of the Egyptians and being general of the whole force, did not pay attention to Agesilaus, who advised him to remain in Egypt and administer the war through his generals, although he gave good advice.
τῆς γὰρ δυνάμεως προελθούσης πορρωτέρω καὶ περὶ Φοινίκην καταστρατοπεδευούσης, ὁ καθεσταμένος ἐπὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου στρατηγὸς ἀπέστη ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως, διαπεμψάμενος δὲ πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν Νεκτανεβώ, καὶ πείσας ἀντέχεσθαι τῆς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ βασιλείας, μέγαν πόλεμον ἐξέκαυσεν·
For when the force had advanced further and encamped near Phoenicia, the general who had been established over Egypt revolted from the King, and having sent a message to his son Nectanebos, and having persuaded him to lay claim to the kingship in Egypt, he kindled a great war.
§15.92.4ὁ γὰρ Νεκτανεβὼς ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως τεταγμένος ἡγεμὼν τῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου στρατιωτῶν, καὶ πεμφθεὶς ἀπὸ τῆς Φοινίκης πολιορκεῖν τὰς ἐν τῇ Συρίᾳ πόλεις, συγκάταινος γενόμενος ταῖς τοῦ πατρὸς ἐπιβολαῖς, τοὺς μὲν ἡγεμόνας δωρεαῖς, τοὺς δὲ στρατιώτας ἐπαγγελίαις προτρεψάμενος, ἔπεισε συναγωνιστὰς γενέσθαι.
For Nectanebos, having been appointed by the King as commander of the soldiers from Egypt, and having been sent from Phoenicia to besiege the cities in Syria, having agreed to his father's designs, and having won over the commanders by gifts and the soldiers by promises, persuaded them to become his fellow combatants.
§15.92.5τέλος δὲ καταληφθείσης ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστατῶν τῆς Αἰγύπτου, ὁ μὲν Ταχὼς καταπλαγεὶς ἐτόλμησε διὰ τῆς Ἀραβίας ἀναβῆναι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, καὶ συγγνώμην ἠξίου δοῦναι περὶ τῶν ἡμαρτημένων·
At length, when Egypt had been seized by the rebels, Tachos, being struck with terror, dared to go up to the King through Arabia, and begged to be granted forgiveness for his errors.
ὁ δὲ Ἀρταξέρξης οὐ μόνον αὐτὸν ἀπέλυσε τῶν ἐγκλημάτων, ἀλλὰ καὶ στρατηγὸν ἀπέδειξε τοῦ πρὸς Αἰγυπτίους πολέμου.
And Artaxerxes not only released him from the charges, but also appointed him general of the war against the Egyptians.

Notes

  1. 15.92.1διελύσατο τὰ πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα — The middle voice `διελύσατο` (from `διαλύω`) means 'to dissolve differences' or 'to reconcile'. The phrase literally means 'he dissolved the matters relating to the King', referring to the resolution of his prior hostile relations with the Persian King by offering the resources gained from his betrayal.
  2. 15.92.3Ἀγησιλάῳ μὲν συμβουλεύσαντι... οὐ προσέσχε καλῶς συμβουλεύοντι — The verb `προσέχω` (here `οὐ προσέσχε`) takes the dative case (`Ἀγησιλάῳ`) to mean 'to pay attention to' or 'to listen to'. The aorist participle `συμβουλεύσαντι` (describing the specific advice given) and the present participle `συμβουλεύοντι` (describing the quality of the advice) are juxtaposed to mean 'he paid no attention to Agesilaus, who had advised [him...], though he gave good advice'.
  3. 15.92.3ὁ καθεσταμένος ἐπὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου στρατηγὸς — The preposition `ἐπί` with the genitive case means 'in charge of' or 'over'. It modifies the perfect passive participle `καθεσταμένος` ('having been appointed'), referring to 'the general who had been established in charge of Egypt' (i.e., left behind as regent). This phrase serves as the subject of the main verbs `ἀπέστη` ('revolted') and `ἐξέκαυσεν` ('kindled').
  4. 15.92.5ἀναβῆναι πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα — The verb `ἀναβαίνω` ('to go up') is a standard classical idiom (as in 'anabasis') for traveling from the coastal regions into the interior of the Persian Empire toward the royal capitals (such as Susa or Babylon). Here, it denotes King Tachos journeying inland to present himself before the Great King of Persia to beg for mercy.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.92.1-15.92.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.92.1-15.92.5

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