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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.87.1-15.87.6

Fatal Wounding and Heroic Death of Epaminondas

Passage 499 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Epaminondas receives a fatal wound at the Battle of Mantineia, and after confirming the victory of the Boeotians, he orders the spearhead to be removed from his chest and dies heroically.

§15.87.1οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι θεωροῦντες Ἐπαμεινώνδαν προθυμότερον προπίπτοντα τῷ θυμῷ, συνέδραμον ἐπʼ αὐτόν.
But the Lacedaemonians, seeing Epaminondas rushing forward too eagerly in his fury, ran together against him.
πολλῶν δὲ καὶ πυκνῶν φερομένων βελῶν, τὰ μὲν ἐξένευε, τὰ δὲ διεκρούετο, τινὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ἐξαιρῶν τούτοις ἠμύνετο τοὺς ἐπιφερομένους.
Many missiles being showered thick and fast, some he avoided, others he warded off, and pulling some out of his body, he defended himself against his attackers with these.
ἡρωικῶς δʼ ὑπὲρ τῆς νίκης ἀγωνισάμενος καιρίαν ἔλαβε πληγὴν εἰς τὸν θώρακα.
Having fought heroically for victory, he received a fatal blow in his chest.
κλασθέντος δὲ τοῦ δόρατος, καὶ τοῦ σιδήρου καταλειφθέντος ἐν τῷ σώματι, παραχρῆμα ἔπεσε κατισχυθεὶς ὑπὸ τῆς πληγῆς.
The spear having broken and the iron head having been left in his body, he fell immediately, overcome by the blow.
περὶ δὲ τοῦ σώματος ἐμπεσούσης φιλοτιμίας, καὶ πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις ἀναιρεθέντων, μόγις οἱ Θηβαῖοι τῇ ῥώμῃ τῶν σωμάτων προέχοντες κατεπόνησαν τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους.
A fierce rivalry having arisen over his body, and many on both sides having been slain, the Thebans, excelling in physical strength, with difficulty wore down the Lacedaemonians.
§15.87.2φυγῆς δὲ γενομένης, οἱ μὲν Βοιωτοὶ βραχὺν ἐπιδιώξαντες χρόνον ἀνέστρεψαν, ἀναγκαιότατον ἡγούμενοι τὸ κυριεῦσαι τῶν νεκρῶν.
A rout having occurred, the Boeotians, having pursued for only a short time, turned back, considering it most necessary to secure control of the dead.
ἀνακαλεσαμένων οὖν τῶν σαλπιγκτῶν τοὺς στρατιώτας,ἅπαντες τῆς μάχης ἀπέστησαν, καὶ τρόπαιον ἀμφότεροι στήσαντες ἠμφεσβήτουν τῆς νίκης.
Therefore, when the trumpeters recalled the soldiers, all desisted from the battle, and both sides, having set up a trophy, disputed the victory.
§15.87.3οἱ μὲν γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι νενικηκότες τοὺς περὶ τὸν λόφον Εὐβοεῖς καὶ μισθοφόρους κύριοι τῶν νεκρῶν ὑπῆρχον, οἱ δὲ Βοιωτοὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀπὸ κράτους ἡττηκότες καὶ κρατοῦντες τῶν πεπτωκότων προσένεμον ἑαυτοῖς τὴν νίκην.
For the Athenians, having defeated the Euboeans and mercenaries around the hill, held control of the dead, while the Boeotians, having defeated the Lacedaemonians by main force and holding control of those who had fallen, claimed the victory for themselves.
§15.87.4ἐπὶ μὲν οὖν χρόνον τινὰ περὶ τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναιρέσεως οὐδέτεροι διεπρεσβεύσαντο, ἵνα μὴ δόξωσιν ἐκχωρεῖν τοῦ πρωτείου· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων πρώτων ἐπικηρυκευσαμένων περὶ τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναιρέσεως ἀμφότεροι τοὺς ἰδίους ἔθαψαν.
For some time, then, neither side sent envoys regarding the recovery of the dead, so that they might not seem to yield the palm; but after this, when the Lacedaemonians were the first to send a herald concerning the recovery of the dead, both sides buried their own.
§15.87.5Ἐπαμεινώνδας δʼ ἔτι ζῶν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἀπηνέχθη, καὶ τῶν συγκληθέντων ἰατρῶν ἀποφηναμένων, ὅτι πάντως, ὅταν ἐκ τοῦ θώρακος ἐξαιρεθῇ τὸ δόρυ, συμβήσεται καὶ τὸν θάνατον ἐπακολουθῆσαι, εὐψυχότατα τὴν τοῦ βίου καταστροφὴν ἐποιήσατο.
Epaminondas, while still alive, was carried back to the camp; and when the assembled physicians declared that, in any case, when the spear-point was pulled out of his chest, death would inevitably follow, he met the end of his life with the greatest courage.
§15.87.6πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ τὸν ὑπασπιστὴν προσκαλεσάμενος ἐπηρώτησεν, εἰ διασέσωκε τὴν ἀσπίδα.
For first, having called his shield-bearer, he asked if he had saved his shield.
τοῦ δὲ φήσαντος καὶ θέντος αὐτὴν πρὸ τῆς ὁράσεως, πάλιν ἐπηρώτησε, πότεροι νενικήκασιν.
When the boy said yes and placed it before his sight, he asked again, which of the two had won.
ἀποφαινομένου δὲ τοῦ παιδός, ὅτι Βοιωτοὶ νενικήκασιν, ὥρα, φησίν, ἐστὶ τελευτᾶν, καὶ προσέταξεν ἐκσπάσαι τὸ δόρυ.
When the boy declared that the Boeotians had won, he said, "It is time to die," and ordered them to pull out the spear.
ἀναβοησάντων δὲ τῶν παρόντων φίλων, καί τινος εἰπόντος ὅτι τελευτᾷς ἄτεκνος, Ἐπαμεινώνδα, καὶ δακρύσαντος, μὰ Δία μέν, φησίν, ἀλλὰ καταλείπω δύο θυγατέρας, τήν τε ἐν Λεύκτροις νίκην καὶ τὴν ἐν Μαντινείᾳ. καὶ τοῦ δόρατος ἐξαιρεθέντος ἄνευ πάσης ταραχῆς ἐξέπνευσεν.
When his friends who were present cried out, and someone said, "You die childless, Epaminondas," and wept, he replied, "No, by Zeus, on the contrary, I leave behind two daughters, the victory at Leuctra and the one at Mantineia." And when the spear was pulled out, without any disturbance he breathed his last.

Notes

  1. 15.87.1τινὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος ἐξαιρῶν τούτοις ἠμύνετο τοὺς ἐπιφερομένους — The verb `ἠμύνετο` ("defended against", "warded off") takes the accusative `τοὺς ἐπιφερομένους` ("those attacking") as its direct object, accompanied by the dative of instrument `τούτοις` ("with these"). `τούτοις` refers back to `τινά` (neuter plural accusative), denoting the weapons Epaminondas pulled out of his own body.
  2. 15.87.5τῶν συγκληθέντων ἰατρῶν ἀποφηναμένων, ὅτι πάντως, ὅταν ἐκ τοῦ θώρακος ἐξαιρεθῇ τὸ δόρυ, συμβήσεται καὶ τὸν θάνατον ἐπακολουθῆσαι — `τῶν... ἰατρῶν ἀποφηναμένων` is a genitive absolute construction. Inside the `ὅτι` clause is a complex nested structure: a conditional/temporal clause introduced by `ὅταν` with the subjunctive `ἐξαιρεθῇ`, and the future of the impersonal verb `συμβήσεται` ("it will happen") taking the accusative-with-infinitive phrase `τὸν θάνατον ἐπακολουθῆσαι` ("that death will follow") as its logical subject.
  3. 15.87.6μὰ Δία μέν, φησίν, ἀλλὰ — `μὰ Δία` ("by Zeus") is a particle used in oaths, typically with a negative to express strong denial. Here it is combined with the adversative conjunction `ἀλλά` ("but/on the contrary") to strongly refute the preceding statement of the friend ("you die childless") by asserting "No, by Zeus, on the contrary, I leave..."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.87.1-15.87.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.87.1-15.87.6

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