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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.83.1-15.83.5

Agesilaus' Defense of Sparta and Repulse of Epaminondas

Passage 495 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Warned by King Agis, Agesilaus reinforces the defenses of Sparta, thwarting Epaminondas's surprise attack. Despite launching a fierce assault, the Boeotian forces are compelled to retreat due to the unfavorable terrain and the return of the Lacedaemonian main army.

§15.83.1τῶν δὲ Κρητῶν συντόμως τὸ παραγγελθὲν ποιησάντων, παραδόξως οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς πατρίδος ἐξέφυγον· μὴ προδηλωθείσης γὰρ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως ἔλαθεν ἂν ὁ Ἐπαμεινώνδας εἰσπεσὼν εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην.
As the Cretans executed what had been ordered quickly, the Lacedaemonians unexpectedly escaped the capture of their fatherland; for if the attack had not been made known beforehand, Epaminondas would have caught them unawares by bursting into Sparta.
τὴν μὲν οὖν ἐπίνοιαν τῶν στρατηγῶν ἀμφοτέρων δικαίως ἄν τις ἀποδέξαιτο, συνετωτέραν δὲ στρατηγίαν τὴν τοῦ Λάκωνος ἡγήσαιτο.
Therefore, while one might justly approve the design of both generals, one would consider the generalship of the Laconian to be more prudent.
§15.83.2οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ ὁ Ἐπαμεινώνδας ὅλην τὴν νύκτα διαγρυπνήσας καὶ τὸ διάστημα τῆς ὁδοῦ κατὰ σπουδὴν διανύσας ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ προσῆγε τῇ Σπάρτῃ.
Nevertheless, Epaminondas, having stayed awake through the whole night and having traversed the distance of the road in haste, approached Sparta at daybreak.
ὁ δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς φυλακῆς ἀπολελειμμένος Ἀγησίλαος ὀλίγῳ πρότερον χρόνῳ τῶν Κρητῶν ἀκούσας τὰ κατὰ μέρος, εὐθὺς μετὰ πολλῆς σπουδῆς τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν ἐποιήσατο τῆς πόλεως.
But Agesilaus, who had been left behind for the guard, having heard the details from the Cretans a short time before, immediately with great haste made provision for the city.
§15.83.3τοὺς μὲν οὖν πρεσβυτάτους τῶν παίδων καὶ τοὺς γεγηρακότας ἐπὶ τὰ στέγη τῶν οἰκιῶν ἀνεβίβασε, καὶ προσέταξεν ἀπὸ τούτων ἀμύνασθαι τοὺς εἰς τὴν πόλιν βιαζομένους, αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ἀκμάζοντας ταῖς ἡλικίαις συντάξας διεμέρισεν εἰς τὰς πρὸ τῆς πόλεως δυσχωρίας καὶ παρόδους, καὶ πάντας τοὺς δυναμένους τόπους δέξασθαι δίοδον ἐμφράξας ἀνέμενε τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ἔφοδον.
Therefore, he made the oldest of the boys and the aged climb onto the roofs of the houses, and ordered them to ward off from there those who were forcing their way into the city; while he himself, having drawn up those in the prime of their age, distributed them among the difficult places and passes in front of the city, and having blocked every place capable of offering passage, he awaited the onslaught of the enemy.
§15.83.4Ἐπαμεινώνδας δʼ εἰς πλείω μέρη διελόμενος τοὺς στρατιώτας, καὶ πάντῃ προσπίπτων κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρόν, ὡς εἶδε τὴν τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν σύνταξιν, εὐθὺς ἔγνω μεμηνυμένην τὴν πρᾶξιν· ὅμως δὲ προσμαχόμενος πᾶσι κατὰ μέρος καὶ ταῖς δυσχωρίαις ἐλαττούμενος συνῆπτεν εἰς χεῖρας.
But Epaminondas, having divided his soldiers into several divisions and falling upon them from every side at the same time, when he saw the arrangement of the Spartans, immediately knew that the plot had been disclosed; nevertheless, attacking them in every part and being at a disadvantage because of the difficult terrain, he joined in close combat.
§15.83.5πολλὰ δὲ παθὼν καὶ δράσας οὐκ ἀπέστη τῆς φιλοτιμίας, ἕως τὸ στράτευμα τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην· πολλῶν δὲ βοηθούντων τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις, καὶ τῆς νυκτὸς καταλαβούσης, ἔλυσε τὴν πολιορκίαν.
And though he suffered and inflicted many losses, he did not desist from his ambition until the army of the Lacedaemonians returned to Sparta; but when many came to the aid of the besieged, and night overtook them, he raised the siege.

Notes

  1. 15.83.1ἔλαθεν ἂν ... εἰσπεσὼν — The construction where the verb `λανθάνω` takes the participle `εἰσπεσών` to mean "to do something unawares". The indicative aorist `ἔλαθεν` combined with the particle `ἄν` forms the apodosis of a past contrary-to-fact condition, meaning "he would have burst in undetected."
  2. 15.83.1τὴν τοῦ Λάκωνος — The feminine article `τὴν` is followed by the genitive `τοῦ Λάκωνος` (the Laconian, referring to King Agis of Sparta) without an explicit noun. The noun `συνετωτέραν δὲ στρατηγίαν` provides the omitted noun `στρατηγίαν` (generalship) by ellipsis.
  3. 15.83.4ἔγνω μεμηνυμένην τὴν πρᾶξιν — A participial complement construction where the cognitive verb `ἔγνω` takes the accusative noun `τὴν πρᾶξιν` and the perfect passive participle `μεμηνυμένην` as its object, meaning "he knew that the plot had been disclosed."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.83.1-15.83.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.83.1-15.83.5

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