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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.78.1-15.78.4

Dispute over the Olympiad and Epaminondas' Naval Ambition

Passage 490 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Pisatans and Arcadians ally to wrest the control of the 104th Olympiad from the Eleans, while in Thebes, Epaminondas addresses the assembly and persuades the citizens to strive for naval hegemony.

§15.78.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Τιμοκράτους ἐν Ῥώμῃ μὲν ἀντὶ τῶν ὑπάτων χιλίαρχοι τρεῖς κατεστάθησαν, Τίτος Κοΐνκτιος καὶ Σερούιος Κορνήλιος καὶ Σερούιος Σουλπίκιος, Ὀλυμπιὰς δὲ ὑπὸ Πισατῶν καὶ Ἀρκάδων ἤχθη τετάρτη πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Φωκίδης Ἀθηναῖος.
When Timocrates was archon in Athens, in Rome three military tribunes were appointed instead of consuls: Titus Quinctius, Servius Cornelius, and Servius Sulpicius; and the hundred and fourth Olympiad was celebrated by the Pisatans and the Arcadians, in which Phokides of Athens won the stadium race.
§15.78.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Πισᾶται μὲν ἀνανεωσάμενοι τὸ παλαιὸν ἀξίωμα τῆς πατρίδος καί τισι μυθικαῖς καὶ παλαιαῖς ἀποδείξεσι χρώμενοι, τὴν θέσιν τῆς Ὀλυμπικῆς πανηγύρεως αὑτοῖς προσήκειν ἀπεφαίνοντο.
During their term of office, the Pisatans, having renewed the ancient prestige of their homeland and employing certain mythical and ancient proofs, declared that the celebration of the Olympic festival belonged to them.
κρίνοντες δὲ τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν εὔθετον ἔχειν ἀμφισβητῆσαι τοῦ ἀγῶνος, συμμαχίαν ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς Ἀρκάδας ὄντας πολεμίους Ἠλείων· συναγωνιστὰς δὲ λαβόντες τούτους ἐστράτευσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἠλείους ἄρτι τιθέντας τὸν ἀγῶνα.
Judging that the present time was opportune for disputing the games, they made an alliance with the Arcadians, who were enemies of the Eleans; and having secured them as fellow combatants, they campaigned against the Eleans who were just then holding the games.
§15.78.3ἀντιστάντων δὲ τῶν Ἠλείων πανδημεὶ συνέστη μάχη καρτερά, θεωμένων τὴν μάχην τῶν παρόντων ἐπὶ τὴν πανήγυριν Ἑλλήνων ἐστεφανωμένων καὶ μεθʼ ἡσυχίας ἀκινδύνως ἐπισημαινομένων τὰς ἑκατέρωθεν ἀνδραγαθίας.
When the Eleans resisted with all their forces, a fierce battle ensued, while the Greeks who had gathered for the festival, wearing crowns, looked on at the battle and in peace and safety cheered the brave deeds on either side.
τέλος Πισᾶται νικήσαντες ἔθηκαν τὸν ἀγῶνα, καὶ τὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα ταύτην ὕστερον οὐκ ἀνέγραψαν Ἠλεῖοι διὰ τὸ δοκεῖν βίᾳ καὶ ἀδίκως διατεθῆναι.
At last the Pisatans, having conquered, held the games, and the Eleans later did not register this Olympiad, because it seemed to have been conducted by force and unjustly.
§15.78.4ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις Ἐπαμεινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος, μέγιστον ἔχων τῶν πολιτῶν ἀξίωμα, συναχθείσης ἐκκλησίας διελέχθη τοῖς πολίταις, προτρεπόμενος αὐτοὺς ἀντέχεσθαι τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἡγεμονίας.
At the same time that these things were being done, Epaminondas the Theban, who possessed the greatest prestige among the citizens, addressed the citizens in an assembly which had been gathered, urging them to lay claim to the hegemony of the sea.
διελθὼν δὲ λόγον ἐκ χρόνου πεφροντισμένον ἐδείκνυε τὴν ἐπιβολὴν ταύτην συμφέρουσάν τε καὶ δυνατήν, τά τε ἄλλα προφερόμενος καὶ διότι τοῖς πεζῇ κρατοῦσι ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι περιποιήσασθαι τὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἀρχήν· καὶ γὰρ Ἀθηναίους ἐν τῷ πρὸς Ξέρξην πολέμῳ διακοσίας ναῦς ἰδίᾳ πληροῦντας Λακεδαιμονίοις δέκα ναῦς παρεχομένοις ὑποτετάχθαι.
Developing an argument carefully thought out for some time, he showed that this undertaking was both advantageous and possible, adducing among other points that it is easy for those who are dominant on land to acquire the rule of the sea; for indeed, in the war against Xerxes, the Athenians, though equipping two hundred ships of their own, were subject to the Lacedaemonians who provided only ten ships.
πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ὑπόθεσιν οἰκείως διαλεχθεὶς ἔπεισε τοὺς Θηβαίους ἀντέχεσθαι τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἀρχῆς.
Having spoken much else appropriately for this project, he persuaded the Thebans to lay claim to the rule of the sea.

Notes

  1. §15.78.2τὴν θέσιν τῆς Ὀλυμπικῆς πανηγύρεως αὑτοῖς προσήκειν ἀπεφαίνοντο — An accusative with infinitive construction (indirect discourse) introduced by the verb ἀπεφαίνοντο (declared). τὴν θέσιν (the celebration) is the subject accusative of the infinitive προσήκειν, and the reflexive pronoun in the dative αὑτοῖς (to themselves) is governed by προσήκειν, which means 'to belong to' or 'be appropriate for.'
  2. §15.78.2κρίνοντες δὲ τὸν παρόντα καιρὸν εὔθετον ἔχειν ἀμφισβητῆσαι — Indirect discourse introduced by the participle κρίνοντες (judging). The phrase εὔθετον ἔχειν is an idiomatic expression nearly synonymous with εὔθετον εἶναι (to be opportune/suitable), with τὸν παρόντα καιρόν (the present time) functioning as its subject. The infinitive ἀμφισβητῆσαι (to dispute) is an epexegetical infinitive limiting the adjective εὔθετον.
  3. §15.78.3θεωμένων τὴν μάχην τῶν παρόντων ἐπὶ τὴν πανήγυριν Ἑλλήνων ἐστεφανωμένων καὶ μεθʼ ἡσυχίας ἀκινδύνως ἐπισημαινομένων — A long genitive absolute construction with τῶν ... Ἑλλήνων as the logical subject. The participle θεωμένων (looking on), the perfect passive participle ἐστεφανωμένων (having been crowned / wearing crowns), and the present middle-passive participle ἐπισημαινομένων (cheering) all agree with this genitive subject. Note the juxtaposition of different tenses: the perfect represents a state of continuation (already crowned), while the present represents simultaneous actions during the battle (looking on, cheering).
  4. §15.78.4καὶ γὰρ Ἀθηναίους ἐν τῷ πρὸς Ξέρξην πολέμῳ διακοσίας ναῦς ἰδίᾳ πληροῦντας Λακεδαιμονίοις δέκα ναῦς παρεχομένοις ὑποτετάχθαι — An accusative with infinitive construction in the indirect discourse of Epaminondas (dependent on δείκνυε). The accusative Ἀθηναίους is the subject of the perfect infinitive ὑποτετάχθαι (to have been subject to). The present participle πληροῦντας (equipping/filling) modifies Ἀθηναίους. On the other hand, the middle participle παρεχομένοις (providing) agrees with and modifies the dative Λακεδαιμονίοις, which is governed by ὑποτετάχθαι.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.78.1-15.78.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.78.1-15.78.4

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