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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.56.1-15.56.4

Spartan Rout at Leuctra and Truce for the Dead

Passage 468 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Battle of Leuctra ends in a complete victory for the Boeotians; after a fierce struggle over the body of the Spartan King Cleombrotus, the Spartans route, and a truce is made for recovering the dead and their withdrawal.

§15.56.1ἀναρχίας δὲ γενομένης περὶ τὸ κέρας, οἱ μὲν περὶ τὸν Ἐπαμεινώνδαν βαρεῖς ἐγκείμενοι τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τῇ βίᾳ βραχὺ προέωσαν ἐκ τῆς τάξεως τοὺς πολεμίους, οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι περὶ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀγωνισάμενοι λαμπρῶς τοῦ μὲν σώματος ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο, τῆς δὲ νίκης οὐκ ἴσχυσαν ἐφικέσθαι.
When a loss of leadership occurred on that wing, those around Epaminondas, pressing heavily upon the Lacedaemonians, at first forced the enemy back slightly from their formation by main strength; but the Lacedaemonians, fighting brilliantly around their king, secured possession of his body, though they were not strong enough to attain victory.
§15.56.2καὶ τῶν γὰρ ἐπιλέκτων ὑπερβαλλομένων ταῖς ἀνδραγαθίαις, καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ παρακλήσεως Ἐπαμεινώνδου πολλὰ συμβαλλομένης, μόγις ἐβιάσθησαν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι· τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀναχωροῦντες τὴν τάξιν οὐ διέλυον, τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον πολλῶν ἀναιρουμένων, τοῦ δὲ παραγγέλλοντος ἡγεμόνος τετελευτηκότος, ἐγένετο παντελὴς τροπὴ τοῦ στρατοπέδου.
For since the elite troops excelled in their deeds of valor, and the bravery and encouragement of Epaminondas contributed much, the Lacedaemonians were with difficulty overpowered; at first, though retreating, they did not break their formation, but at last, when many were being slain and the leader who gave the orders had died, there occurred a complete rout of the army.
§15.56.3οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Ἐπαμινώνδαν ἐπικείμενοι τοῖς φεύγουσι καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν ἐναντίων κατακόψαντες ἀπηνέγκαντο νίκην ἐπιφανεστάτην.
And those around Epaminondas, pressing upon the fugitives and cutting down many of their opponents, won a most glorious victory.
συμβαλόντες γὰρ τοῖς ἀρίστοις τῶν Ἑλλήνων, καὶ τοῖς ὀλίγοις τῶν πολλαπλασίων παραδόξως περιγενόμενοι, μεγάλην δόξαν ἐπʼ ἀνδρείᾳ κατεκτήσαντο.
For having engaged with the best of the Greeks, and with their few overcoming those who were many times their number in an unexpected manner, they acquired a great reputation for bravery.
μεγίστων δʼ ἐπαίνων ὁ στρατηγὸς Ἐπαμεινώνδας ἠξιώθη, διὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἀνδρείας μάλιστα καὶ στρατηγικῆς συνέσεως τοὺς ἀνικήτους ἡγεμόνας τῆς Ἑλλάδος κατηγωνισμένος.
And the general Epaminondas was deemed worthy of the greatest praise, having defeated the invincible leaders of Greece chiefly through his own valor and strategic intelligence.
§15.56.4ἔπεσον δʼ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων οὐκ ἐλάττους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων, τῶν δὲ Βοιωτῶν περὶ τριακοσίους.
There fell in the battle of the Lacedaemonians not fewer than four thousand, and of the Boeotians about three hundred.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα περί τε τῆς τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναιρέσεως καὶ τῆς εἰς Πελοπόννησον ἀπαλλαγῆς τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων σπονδὰς ἐποιήσαντο.
After this, they made a truce for the recovery of the dead and the departure of the Lacedaemonians to the Peloponnese.
καὶ τὰ μὲν περὶ τὴν ἐν Λεύκτροις μάχην συμβάντα τοιοῦτον ἔσχε τέλος.
And the events that occurred concerning the battle of Leuctra reached such an end.

Notes

  1. 15.56.1τοῦ μὲν σώματος ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο — The adjective `ἐγκρατής` (having control over, in possession of) governs the genitive `τοῦ σώματος` (body, here referring to the corpse of the fallen king Cleombrotus).
  2. 15.56.2τῶν γὰρ ἐπιλέκτων ὑπερβαλλομένων ... καὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς ... συμβαλλομένης — Two separate genitive absolute constructions (subjects: `τῶν ἐπιλέκτων` and `τῆς ἀρετῆς`, participles: `ὑπερβαλλομένων` and `συμβαλλομένης`) connected by `καί... καί` ("both... and"), expressing the cause for the passive main verb `ἐβιάσθησαν`.
  3. 15.56.3τοῖς ὀλίγοις τῶν πολλαπλασίων — The dative `τοῖς ὀλίγοις` (being few, with their few numbers) expresses the means or circumstance, while the genitive `τῶν πολλαπλασίων` (those many times their number) is governed by the verb `περιγενόμενοι` (overcoming, prevailing over), acting as a genitive of comparison or direct object of the verb.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.56.1-15.56.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.56.1-15.56.4

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