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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.54.1-15.54.7

Oracles of Spartan Defeat and Deployment after Failed Truce

Passage 466 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Various factors, including a Spartan exile, local oracle-mongers, and mediation by Jason of Thessaly, influence the eve of the battle of Leuctra. Although a truce is temporarily made, the Lacedaemonians, upon receiving reinforcements, resolve to fight again, and both sides draw up their forces.

§15.54.1συνήργησε δὲ πρὸς ταύτην τὴν ἐπίνοιαν Λεανδρίας ὁ Σπαρτιάτης, πεφευγὼς μὲν ἐκ Λακεδαίμονος, τότε δὲ συστρατεύων Θηβαίοις.
And Leandrias the Spartan co-operated in this design, having been banished from Lacedaemon, and at that time serving in the army of the Thebans.
οὗτος γὰρ ἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ προαχθεὶς ἀπεφήνατο παλαιὸν εἶναι λόγιον τοῖς Σπαρτιάταις, ὅτι τότε τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἀποβαλοῦσιν, ὅταν ἐν Λεύκτροις ὑπὸ Θηβαίων ἡττηθῶσιν.
For he, being brought forward in the assembly, declared that there was an ancient oracle among the Spartans, that they would lose their hegemony at the time when they should be defeated by the Thebans at Leuctra.
§15.54.2προσῆλθον δὲ τῷ Ἐπαμεινώνδᾳ καὶ χρησμολόγοι τινὲς ἐγχώριοι, λέγοντες ὅτι περὶ τὸν τάφον τῶν Λεύκτρου καὶ Σκεδάσου θυγατέρων μεγάλῃ συμφορᾷ δεῖ περιπεσεῖν Λακεδαιμονίους διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας.
Some local oracle-mongers also came to Epaminondas, saying that near the tomb of the daughters of Leuctrus and Scedasus, the Lacedaemonians must fall into a great disaster for the following reasons.
§15.54.3Λεῦκτρος ἦν, ἀφʼ οὗ τὸ πεδίον τοῦτο ἔσχε τὴν προσηγορίαν.
There was a certain Leuctrus, from whom this plain received its name.
τούτου θυγατέρας καὶ Σκεδάσου τινὸς ὁμοίως κόρας πρέσβεις Λακεδαιμονίων ἐβιάσαντο· αἱ δὲ ὑβρισθεῖσαι τὴν συμφορὰν οὐκ ἐνέγκασαι, τῇ πατρίδι τῇ πεμψάσῃ τοὺς ὑβριστὰς καταρασάμεναι τὸν βίον αὐτοχειρίᾳ κατέστρεψαν.
His daughters, and likewise the daughters of a certain Scedasus, were violated by ambassadors of the Lacedaemonians; and the girls, unable to bear the outrage of their misfortune, having cursed the fatherland which had sent the ravishers, ended their lives by their own hands.
§15.54.4πολλῶν δὲ καὶ ἄλλων τοιούτων λεγομένων, καὶ τοῦ Ἐπαμεινώνδου συναγαγόντος ἐκκλησίαν καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας τοῖς οἰκείοις λόγοις προτρεψαμένου πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα, πάντες μετέθεντο τὰς γνώμας, καὶ τῆς μὲν δεισιδαιμονίας ἀπελύθησαν, πρὸς δὲ τὴν μάχην εὐθαρσεῖς ταῖς ψυχαῖς κατέστησαν.
When many other such things were being said, and Epaminondas had called an assembly and exhorted the soldiers to the contest with appropriate words, they all changed their minds and were freed from their superstition, becoming courageous in their souls for the battle.
§15.54.5ἦλθε δὲ καὶ συμμαχία κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν καιρὸν τοῖς Θηβαίοις παρὰ Θετταλῶν, πεζοὶ μὲν χίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι, ἱππεῖς δὲ πεντακόσιοι, ὧν ἡγεῖτο Ἰάσων.
At this time an alliance also came to the Thebans from the Thessalians, fifteen hundred infantry and five hundred cavalry, who were led by Jason.
οὗτος δʼ ἔπεισε τούς τε Βοιωτοὺς καὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀνοχὰς ποιήσασθαι καὶ τὰ παράλογα τῆς τύχης εὐλαβηθῆναι.
And he persuaded both the Boeotians and the Lacedaemonians to make a truce and to beware of the unexpected turns of fortune.
§15.54.6γενομένων δὲ τῶν σπονδῶν Κλεόμβροτος ἀνέξευξε μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως ἐκ τῆς Βοιωτίας, καὶ ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ἄλλη δύναμις μεγάλη Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τῶν συμμάχων, ἡγουμένου Ἀρχιδάμου τοῦ Ἀγησιλάου.
When the treaty was made, Cleombrotus withdrew from Boeotia with his force, and another large force of Lacedaemonians and their allies met him, led by Archidamus, the son of Agesilaus.
οἱ γὰρ Σπαρτιᾶται θεωροῦντες τὴν ἑτοιμότητα τῶν Βοιωτῶν, καὶ τὸ θράσος καὶ τὴν ἀπόνοιαν εὐλαβούμενοι, τὴν δευτέραν ἀπεστάλκεισαν δύναμιν, ἵνα τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων περιγένωνται τῆς τῶν πολεμίων τόλμης.
For the Spartans, seeing the readiness of the Boeotians, and fearing their boldness and desperation, had sent out the second force, in order that by the multitude of those fighting they might overcome the daring of the enemy.
§15.54.7συνελθουσῶν δʼ εἰς ταὐτὸ τῶν δυνάμεων αἰσχρὸν εἶναι ὑπέλαβον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι δεδιέναι τὰς τῶν Βοιωτῶν ἀρετάς.
But when the forces came together, the Lacedaemonians considered it a shameful thing to fear the valor of the Boeotians.
διόπερ τὰς σπονδὰς παρʼ οὐδὲν ἡγησάμενοι μετὰ πολλῆς προθυμίας ἀνέκαμψαν εἰς Λεῦκτρα.
Therefore, regarding the treaty as nothing, they returned with great eagerness to Leuctra.
ἑτοίμων δʼ ὄντων καὶ τῶν Βοιωτῶν πρὸς τὴν μάχην, ἐξέταττον ἀμφότεροι τὰς δυνάμεις.
And since the Boeotians were also ready for the battle, both sides drew up their forces.

Notes

  1. 15.54.1προαχθεὶς — The passive participle προαχθείς (from προάγω, 'to lead forward, introduce') indicates that Leandrias was brought forward or stepped forward in the assembly. In this context, it describes his introduction to the public gathering to make his declaration.
  2. 15.54.6ἵνα τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων περιγένωνται τῆς τῶν πολεμίων τόλμης — In this purpose clause, the verb περιγένωνται governs the genitive (τῆς τῶν πολεμίων τόλμης, 'the daring of the enemy') to mean 'to overcome' or 'to surpass.' The dative phrase τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων represents the instrument, meaning 'by the multitude of those fighting.'
  3. 15.54.7αἰσχρὸν εἶναι ὑπέλαβον ... δεδιέναι — An accusative and infinitive construction dependent on the verb ὑπέλαβον. The subject of the infinitive εἶναι with the predicate adjective αἰσχρόν is the further infinitive phrase δεδιέναι τὰς τῶν Βοιωτῶν ἀρετάς ('to fear the valor of the Boeotians'), meaning 'they considered that to fear... was shameful.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.54.1-15.54.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.54.1-15.54.7

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