Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §15.46.1-15.46.6
Conflict over Corcyra and the Destruction of Plataea
Summary
In Corcyra, the oligarchic faction's approach to the Lacedaemonians leads to preparations for intervention by both Sparta and Athens. Meanwhile, in Boeotia, the Thebans launch a surprise attack on Plataea for attempting to join the Athenian alliance, destroying the city and forcing the inhabitants to flee to Athens, where they receive citizenship.
§15.46.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις τῶν ἐκ Κορκύρας τινὲς φίλοι Λακεδαιμονίων ἐπαναστάντες τῷ δήμῳ, παρεκάλεσαν τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας ἀποστεῖλαι ναυτικὴν δύναμιν, ὑπισχνούμενοι παραδώσειν αὐτοῖς τὴν Κόρκυραν.
At the same time that these things were being done, certain of those from Corcyra who were friends of the Lacedaemonians rose in rebellion against the people and requested the Spartans to dispatch a naval force, promising to hand Corcyra over to them.
οἱ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, τὴν Κόρκυραν εἰδότες μεγάλην ῥοπὴν ἔχουσαν τοῖς ἀντεχομένοις τῆς θαλάττης, ἔσπευσαν κύριοι γενέσθαι ταύτης τῆς πόλεως.
The Lacedaemonians, knowing that Corcyra possessed great importance for those who clung to the sea, hastened to become masters of this city.
§15.46.2εὐθὺς οὖν ἔπεμψαν εἰς τὴν Κόρκυραν τριήρεις εἴκοσι καὶ δύο, τὴν ἡγεμονίαν Ἀλκίδᾳ παραδόντες.
Therefore they immediately dispatched twenty-two triremes to Corcyra, handing over the command to Alcidas.
τοῦτον δὲ τὸν στόλον προσεποιήθησαν εἰς Σικελίαν ἀποστεῖλαι, ἵνα ὡς φίλοι προσδεχθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν Κορκυραίων κατάσχωσι τὴν πόλιν μετὰ τῶν φυγάδων.
They pretended to dispatch this fleet to Sicily, in order that, having been received as friends by the Corcyreans, they might seize the city with the help of the exiles.
§15.46.3οἱ δὲ Κορκυραῖοι γνόντες τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν τὴν ἐπίνοιαν, τὴν μὲν πόλιν ἐπιμελῶς ἐφύλαττον, εἰς δὲ τὰς Ἀθήνας πρέσβεις ἐξέπεμψαν περὶ βοηθείας.
But the Corcyreans, having perceived the design of the Spartans, guarded their city carefully, while they dispatched ambassadors to Athens to ask for aid.
οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι ψηφισάμενοι βοηθεῖν τοῖς Κορκυραίοις καὶ Ζακυνθίων τοῖς φυγάσιν, εἰς μὲν τὴν Ζάκυνθον ἐξέπεμψαν Κτησικλέα στρατηγόν, ἡγούμενον τῶν φυγάδων, εἰς δὲ τὴν Κόρκυραν παρεσκευάζοντο ναυτικὴν δύναμιν ἐκπέμπειν.
The Athenians, having voted to aid the Corcyreans and the exiles of the Zacynthians, dispatched Ctesicles as general to Zacynthus to lead the exiles, while they prepared to send a naval force to Corcyra.
§15.46.4ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις κατὰ τὴν Βοιωτίαν Πλαταιεῖς ἀντεχόμενοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίας μετεπέμποντο στρατιώτας, κεκρικότες τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις παραδοῦναι τὴν πόλιν.
At the same time that these things were being done, in Boeotia the Plataeans, who clung to the Athenian alliance, were summoning soldiers, having decided to hand over their city to the Athenians.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις οἱ βοιωτάρχαι χαλεπῶς διατεθέντες πρὸς τοὺς Πλαταιεῖς, καὶ σπεύδοντες φθάσαι τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίαν, εὐθὺς ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον ἦγον.
At this, the Boeotarchs, being angrily disposed toward the Plataeans and hastening to forestall the alliance from the Athenians, immediately led a considerable force against them.
§15.46.5παραγενόμενοι δὲ πλησίον τῆς τῶν Πλαταιέων πόλεως, ἀπροσδοκήτου τῆς ἐπιθέσεως γενομένης, οἱ πλεῖστοι μὲν τῶν Πλαταιέων ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας καταληφθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων συνηρπάγησαν, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ καταφυγόντες εἰς τὴν πόλιν, καὶ συμμάχων ὄντες ἔρημοι, συνηναγκάσθησαν ὁμολογίας συνθέσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις εὐαρέστους·
When they arrived near the city of the Plataeans, since the attack was unexpected, most of the Plataeans, being caught in the countryside, were carried off by the cavalry; while the rest, having fled for refuge into the city, and being destitute of allies, were compelled to make a treaty with the enemy on terms agreeable to them.
ἔδει γὰρ αὐτοὺς τὰ ἔπιπλα λαβόντας ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ μηκέτι τῆς Βοιωτίας ἐπιβαίνειν.
For they were required to depart from the city taking their moveable property with them, and no longer to set foot in Boeotia.
§15.46.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα οἱ μὲν Θηβαῖοι τὰς Πλαταιὰς κατασκάψαντες καὶ Θεσπιὰς ἀλλοτρίως πρὸς αὐτοὺς διακειμένας ἐξεπόρθησαν, οἱ δὲ Πλαταιεῖς εἰς Ἀθήνας μετὰ τέκνων καὶ γυναικῶν φυγόντες τῆς ἰσοπολιτείας ἔτυχον διὰ τὴν χρηστότητα τοῦ δήμου.
After this, the Thebans razed Plataea to the ground and sacked Thespiae, which was hostilely disposed toward them. But the Plataeans, having fled to Athens with their children and wives, obtained equal citizenship because of the kindness of the people.
καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ Βοιωτίαν ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And such was the state of affairs in Boeotia.
Notes
- 15.46.1ἅμα δὲ τούτοις πραττομένοις — The adverb ἅμα takes the dative τούτοις πραττομένοις to form an adverbial phrase of time, meaning "at the same time as these things were being done," serving a function similar to a genitive absolute.
- 15.46.1τὴν Κόρκυραν εἰδότες μεγάλην ῥοπὴν ἔχουσαν — The verb of knowing εἰδότες (perfect participle of οἶδα) takes the accusative noun τὴν Κόρκυραν and the predicative participle ἔχουσαν as its object, forming an indirect statement equivalent to "knowing that Corcyra had (great influence)."
- 15.46.4σπεύδοντες φθάσαι τὴν παρὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων συμμαχίαν — The verb φθάνω (to anticipate, forestall) takes the accusative object τὴν ... συμμαχίαν (the alliance/reinforcement from the Athenians), meaning "hastening to forestall the arrival of the alliance from the Athenians."
- 15.46.5ὁμολογίας συνθέσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις εὐαρέστους — The adjective εὐαρέστους modifies ὁμολογίας, meaning "acceptable" (to the vanquished as the only choice) or "satisfactory" (to the enemies), referring to the conclusion of an agreement under such terms.
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §15.46.1-15.46.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:15.46.1-15.46.6
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