§15.1.1παρʼ ὅλην τὴν πραγματείαν εἰωθότες χρῆσθαι τῇ συνήθει τῆς ἱστορίας παρρησίᾳ, καὶ τοῖς μὲν ἀγαθοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐπὶ τῶν καλῶν ἔργων τὸν δίκαιον ἐπιλέγειν ἔπαινον, τοὺς δὲ φαύλους, ὅταν ἐξαμαρτάνωσιν, ἀξιοῦν δικαίας ἐπιτιμήσεως, διὰ τοῦ τοιούτου τρόπου νομίζομεν τοὺς μὲν εὖ πεφυκότας πρὸς ἀρετὴν τῷ διὰ τῆς δόξης ἀθανατισμῷ προτρέψεσθαι ταῖς καλλίσταις ἐγχειρεῖν πράξεσι, τοὺς δὲ τὴν ἐναντίαν ἔχοντας διάθεσιν ταῖς ἁρμοττούσαις βλασφημίαις ἀποτρέψειν τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν κακίαν ὁρμῆς.
Since we are accustomed throughout our entire work to employ the customary freedom of speech of history, and to bestow upon good men the just praise for their noble deeds, and to deem the wicked, whenever they commit errors, worthy of just censure, we believe that through such a method we shall, by the immortality achieved through fame, urge those who are well-disposed toward virtue to undertake the noblest actions, and by fitting reproaches, deter those who have the contrary disposition from their impulse toward vice.
§15.1.2διὸ καὶ τῇ γραφῇ παρόντες ἐπʼ ἐκείνους τοὺς χρόνους, ἐν οἷς Λακεδαιμόνιοι περὶ Λεῦκτρα παραδόξως ἡττηθέντες μεγάλῃ περιέπεσον συμφορᾷ, καὶ πάλιν περὶ Μαντίνειαν πταίσαντες ἀνελπίστως ἀπέβαλον τὴν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἡγεμονίαν, ἡγούμεθα δεῖν τὴν ὑπόστασιν τῆς γραφῆς διαφυλάττειν καὶ τὴν ἁρμόττουσαν ἐπιτίμησιν τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ποιήσασθαι.
Therefore, as we have now arrived in our writing at those times in which the Lacedaemonians, having been unexpectedly defeated at Leuctra, fell into a great calamity, and having stumbled again at Mantinea, unexpectedly lost the hegemony of the Greeks, we think it necessary to preserve the purpose of our writing and to administer the fitting censure to the Lacedaemonians.
§15.1.3τίς γὰρ ἂν οὐχ ἡγήσαιτο κατηγορίας αὐτοὺς ἀξίους ὑπάρχειν, οἵτινες παρὰ τῶν προγόνων παραλαβόντες ἡγεμονίαν κάλλιστα τεθεμελιωμένην, καὶ ταύτην διὰ τὴν ἀρετὴν τῶν προγόνων διαφυλαχθεῖσαν ἔτη πλείω τῶν πεντακοσίων, οἱ τότε Λακεδαιμόνιοι διὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀβουλίαν καταλυθεῖσαν ἐπεῖδον, οὐκ ἀλόγως.
For who would not think that they are worthy of accusation, who, having received from their ancestors a hegemony most beautifully established, and this having been preserved through the virtue of their ancestors for more than five hundred years, the Lacedaemonians of that time, through their own folly, beheld it destroyed — and not without reason?
οἱ μὲν γὰρ πρὸ αὐτῶν βεβιωκότες πολλοῖς πόνοις καὶ μεγάλοις κινδύνοις τὴν τηλικαύτην κατεκτήσαντο δόξαν, ἐπιεικῶς καὶ φιλανθρώπως προσφερόμενοι τοῖς ὑποτεταγμένοις· οἱ δὲ μεταγενέστεροι βιαίως καὶ χαλεπῶς χρώμενοι τοῖς συμμάχοις, ἔτι δὲ πολέμους ἀδίκους καὶ ὑπερηφάνους ἐνιστάμενοι πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας, οὐκ ἀλόγως ἀπέβαλον τὴν ἀρχὴν διὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἀβουλίας.
For those who lived before them had acquired such great glory through many labors and great dangers, behaving fairly and humanely toward their subjects; but the later ones, treating their allies violently and harshly, and moreover initiating unjust and arrogant wars against the Greeks, not without reason lost their empire because of their own follies.
§15.1.4ἐν γὰρ ταῖς συμφοραῖς αὐτῶν τὸ μῖσος τῶν ἀδικουμένων ἔλαβε καιρὸν ἀμύνασθαι τοὺς προηδικηκότας, καὶ τοῖς ἐκ προγόνων ἀνικήτοις γεγονόσι τοσαύτη καταφρόνησις ἐπηκολούθησεν, ὅσην εἰκός ἐστι γενέσθαι κατὰ τῶν ἀναιρούντων τὰς τῶν προγόνων ἀρετάς.
For in their misfortunes the hatred of those who had been wronged found an opportunity to take vengeance on those who had first done them wrong, and upon those who had been invincible from the time of their ancestors, there followed such great contempt as is natural to arise against those who destroy the virtues of their ancestors.
§15.1.5τοιγαροῦν Θηβαῖοι μὲν οἱ πρότερον ἐπὶ πολλὰς γενεὰς τοῖς κρείττοσιν ὑποτεταγμένοι, τότε τούτους ἀνελπίστως νικήσαντες ἡγεμόνες κατέστησαν τῶν Ἑλλήνων, Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἀφαίρεσιν τῆς ἡγεμονίας οὐδέποτʼ ἐδυνήθησαν ἀναλαβεῖν τὸ τῶν προγόνων ἀξίωμα.
Consequently, the Thebans, who had previously for many generations been subject to their superiors, at that time unexpectedly defeated them and became the leaders of the Greeks, while the Lacedaemonians, after the loss of their hegemony, were never able to recover the dignity of their ancestors.
§15.1.6ἡμεῖς δὲ τούτοις ἀρκούντως ἐπιτετιμηκότες ἐπὶ τὸ συνεχὲς τῆς ἱστορίας μεταβησόμεθα προδιορίσαντες τοὺς οἰκείους τῇ γραφῇ χρόνους.
Having sufficiently censured them, we shall proceed to the continuation of our history, having first defined the times appropriate to this writing.
ἡ μὲν οὖν πρὸ ταύτης βύβλος, οὖσα τῆς ὅλης συντάξεως τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη, τὸ τέλος ἔσχε τῶν πράξεων εἰς τὸν Ῥηγίνων ἀνδραποδισμὸν ὑπὸ Διονυσίου καὶ τὴν ἅλωσιν τῆς Ῥώμης ὑπὸ Γαλατῶν, ἥτις ἐγένετο κατὰ τὸν προηγούμενον ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς Περσῶν στρατείας εἰς Κύπρον ἐπʼ Εὐαγόραν τὸν βασιλέα· ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦ πολέμου ποιησάμενοι καταλήξομεν ἐπὶ τὸν προηγούμενον ἐνιαυτὸν τῆς Φιλίππου τοῦ Ἀμύντου βασιλείας.
Now the book prior to this one, being the fourteenth of the entire compilation, reached the end of its narrative at the enslavement of the Rhegians by Dionysius and the capture of Rome by the Gauls, which occurred in the year preceding the Persian campaign to Cyprus against King Evagoras; and in this book, making our beginning from this war, we shall conclude with the year preceding the reign of Philip, the son of Amyntas.