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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.71.1-14.71.4

Symptoms and Horrors of the Plague in the Carthaginian Army

Passage 365 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The devastating progression of the disease that struck the Carthaginian army is described, along with its various symptoms and the horrific human toll where even caretakers abandoned one another in fear.

§14.71.1ἥψατο μὲν οὖν ἡ νόσος πρῶτον τῶν Λιβύων, ἐξ ὧν πολλῶν ἀποθνησκόντων τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἔθαπτον τοὺς τετελευτηκότας, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διά τε τὸ πλῆθος τῶν νεκρῶν καὶ διὰ τὸ τοὺς νοσοκομοῦντας ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου διαρπάζεσθαι, οὐδεὶς ἐτόλμα προσιέναι τοῖς κάμνουσιν.
Now the disease first attacked the Libyans, and since many of them died, at first they buried the dead, but after this, both because of the multitude of the corpses and because those who nursed the sick were carried off by the disease, no one dared to approach the suffering.
παραιρεθείσης οὖν καὶ τῆς θεραπείας ἀβοήθητος ἦν ἡ συμφορά.
Thus, when care also was taken away, the misfortune was beyond help.
§14.71.2διὰ γὰρ τὴν τῶν ἀθάπτων δυσωδίαν καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑλῶν σηπεδόνα πρῶτον μὲν ἤρχετο τῆς νόσου κατάρρους, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐγίνετο περὶ τὸν τράχηλον οἰδήματα· ἐκ δὲ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον ἠκολούθουν πυρετοὶ καὶ περὶ τὴν ῥάχιν νεύρων πόνοι καὶ τῶν σκελῶν βαρύτητες· εἶτʼ ἐπεγίνοντο δυσεντερία καὶ φλύκταιναι περὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ὅλην τοῦ σώματος.
For because of the stench of the unburied and the putrefaction from the marshes, first a catarrh began the disease, and after this, swellings arose about the neck; and gradually, fevers followed, and pains in the tendons of the spine, and heaviness in the legs; then dysentery and blisters broke out over the whole surface of the body.
§14.71.3τοῖς μὲν οὖν πλείστοις τοιοῦτον ἦν τὸ πάθος, τινὲς δʼ εἰς μανίαν καὶ λήθην τῶν ἁπάντων ἔπιπτον, οἳ περιπορευόμενοι τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἐξεστῶτες τοῦ φρονεῖν ἔτυπτον τοὺς ἀπαντῶντας.
For most people, then, the affliction was of this kind, but some fell into madness and forgetfulness of all things, who, wandering through the camp, out of their minds, struck those who met them.
καθόλου δὲ συνέβη καὶ τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἰατρῶν βοήθειαν ἄπρακτον εἶναι καὶ διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ πάθους καὶ τὴν ὀξύτητα τοῦ θανάτου· πεμπταῖοι γὰρ ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον ἑκταῖοι μετήλλαττον, δεινὰς ὑπομένοντες τιμωρίας, ὥσθʼ ὑπὸ πάντων μακαρίζεσθαι τοὺς ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τετελευτηκότας.
On the whole, it happened that the help from the physicians was also of no avail, both because of the magnitude of the affliction and the suddenness of death; for they died on the fifth or at most on the sixth day, enduring terrible torments, so that those who had died in the war were considered blessed by all.
§14.71.4καὶ γὰρ οἱ τοῖς κάμνουσι παρεδρεύοντες ἐνέπιπτον εἰς τὴν νόσον ἅπαντες, ὥστε δεινὴν εἶναι τὴν συμφορὰν τῶν ἀρρωστούντων, μηδενὸς θέλοντος ὑπηρετεῖν τοῖς ἀτυχοῦσιν.
For indeed those who attended the sick all fell into the disease, so that the plight of the ailing was terrible, with no one willing to minister to the unfortunate.
οὐ γὰρ μόνον οἱ μηδὲν προσήκοντες ἀλλήλους ἐγκατέλειπον, ἀλλʼ ἀδελφοὶ μὲν ἀδελφούς, φίλοι δὲ τοὺς συνήθεις ἠναγκάζοντο προΐεσθαι διὰ τὸν ὑπὲρ αὑτῶν φόβον.
For not only did those who had no relation abandon one another, but brothers were forced to desert brothers, and friends their close companions, through fear for themselves.

Notes

  1. 14.71.1ἐξ ὧν πολλῶν ἀποθνησκόντων — A relative attraction where the relative pronoun `ὧν` (referring to `Λιβύων`) is integrated into the genitive absolute construction `πολλῶν ἀποθνησκόντων` as part of its subject.
  2. 14.71.1διά τε τὸ πλῆθος τῶν νεκρῶν καὶ διὰ τὸ τοὺς νοσοκομοῦντας ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου διαρπάζεσθαι — The conjunctions `τε...καί` connect two causal phrases, where the second `διά` governs the articular infinitive `τὸ ... διαρπάζεσθαι` with the participle `τοὺς νοσοκομοῦντας` acting as its subject accusative.
  3. 14.71.3ἐξεστῶτες τοῦ φρονεῖν — The intransitive perfect participle `ἐξεστῶτες` (from `ἐξίστημι`, meaning "out of one's mind") governs the articular infinitive in the genitive `τοῦ φρονεῖν` as a genitive of separation.
  4. 14.71.3πεμπταῖοι γὰρ ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον ἑκταῖοι μετήλλαττον — The adjectives `πεμπταῖοι` and `ἑκταῖοι` agree with the subject but function adverbially to express elapsed time. The imperfect verb `μετήλλαττον` is used intransitively to mean "passed away" or "died."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.71.1-14.71.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.71.1-14.71.4

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