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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.70.1-14.70.6

Support of Pharacidas and Plague in the Carthaginian Camp

Passage 364 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Following Theodorus' speech, the Spartan admiral Pharacidas disappoints the Syracusans by supporting the tyrant Dionysius, leading to the assembly's dissolution. Subsequently, a severe plague breaks out among the Carthaginian army after they plunder the temples, exacerbated by overcrowding and marshy conditions.

§14.70.1τοιούτοις τοῦ Θεοδώρου χρησαμένου λόγοις, οἱ μὲν Συρακόσιοι μετέωροι ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐγένοντο καὶ πρὸς τοὺς συμμάχους ἀπέβλεπον, Φαρακίδου δὲ τοῦ Λακεδαιμονίου ναυαρχοῦντος τῶν συμμάχων παρελθόντος ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα, πάντες προσεδόκων ἀρχηγὸν ἔσεσθαι τῆς ἐλευθερίας.
Since Theodorus had used such words, the Syracusans became excited in their souls and looked toward the allies; and when Pharacidas the Lacedaemonian, who was admiral of the allies, came forward to the speaker's platform, everyone expected that he would be the leader of their freedom.
§14.70.2ὁ δὲ τὰ πρὸς τὸν τύραννον ἔχων οἰκείως ἔφησεν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ Λακεδαιμονίων ἀπεστάλθαι Συρακοσίοις καὶ Διονυσίῳ συμμαχεῖν πρὸς Καρχηδονίους, ἀλλʼ οὐ Διονυσίου τὴν ἀρχὴν καταλύειν.
But he, being on friendly terms with the tyrant, said that he had been sent by the Lacedaemonians to ally with the Syracusans and Dionysius against the Carthaginians, but not to overthrow the rule of Dionysius.
παρὰ δὲ τὴν προσδοκίαν γενομένης τῆς ἀποφάσεως, οἱ μὲν μισθοφόροι συνέδραμον πρὸς τὸν Διονύσιον, οἱ δὲ Συρακόσιοι καταπλαγέντες τὴν ἡσυχίαν εἶχον, πολλὰ τοῖς Σπαρτιάταις καταρώμενοι·
When this declaration was made contrary to expectation, the mercenaries ran together to Dionysius, while the Syracusans, being struck with dismay, kept quiet, calling down many curses upon the Spartans.
§14.70.3καὶ γὰρ τὸ πρότερον Ἀρέτης ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιος ἀντιλαμβανόμενος αὐτῶν τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἐγένετο προδότης, καὶ τότε Φαρακίδας ἐνέστη ταῖς ὁρμαῖς τῶν Συρακοσίων.
For indeed on the previous occasion Aretas the Lacedaemonian, while pretending to champion their freedom, had become a traitor, and now Pharacidas stood in the way of the impulses of the Syracusans.
ὁ δὲ Διονύσιος τότε μὲν ἐγένετο περίφοβος καὶ διέλυσε τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα φιλανθρώποις λόγοις χρησάμενος καθωμίλει τῷ πλήθει, καὶ τινὰς μὲν δωρεαῖς ἐτίμα, τινὰς δʼ ἐπὶ τὰ συσσίτια παρελάμβανε.
Dionysius, becoming terrified at that moment, dissolved the assembly, but after this, using kind words, he associated with the multitude, honoring some with gifts and inviting others to his common meals.
§14.70.4Καρχηδονίοις δὲ μετὰ τὴν κατάληψιν τοῦ προαστείου καὶ τὴν σύλησιν τοῦ τε τῆς Δήμητρος καὶ Κόρης ἱεροῦ ἐνέπεσεν εἰς τὸ στράτευμα νόσος· συνεπελάβετο δὲ καὶ τῇ τοῦ δαιμονίου συμφορᾷ τὸ μυριάδας εἰς ταὐτὸ συναθροισθῆναι καὶ τὸ τῆς ὥρας εἶναι πρὸς τὰς νόσους ἐνεργότατον, ἔτι δὲ τὸ ἔχειν ἐκεῖνο τὸ θέρος καύματα παρηλλαγμένα.
But for the Carthaginians, after the capture of the suburb and the plundering of the temple of Demeter and Kore, a disease fell upon their army; and to the misfortune sent by the divine, there also contributed the fact that tens of thousands were gathered into the same place, and that the season was most active for diseases, and furthermore, that that summer had extraordinary heat.
§14.70.5ἔοικε δὲ καὶ ὁ τόπος αἴτιος γεγονέναι πρὸς τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς συμφορᾶς· καὶ γὰρ Ἀθηναῖοι πρότερον τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχοντες παρεμβολὴν πολλοὶ διεφθάρησαν ὑπὸ τῆς νόσου, ἑλώδους ὄντος τοῦ τόπου καὶ κοίλου.
It seems also that the place itself was a cause for the excess of the misfortune; for the Athenians also previously, holding the same encampment, were destroyed in great numbers by the disease, since the place was marshy and hollow.
§14.70.6πρῶτον μὲν πρὶν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι διὰ τὴν ψυχρότητα τὴν ἐκ τῆς αὔρας τῶν ὑδάτων φρίκη κατεῖχε τὰ σώματα· κατὰ δὲ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἡ θερμότης ἔπνιγεν, ὡς ἂν τοσούτου πλήθους ἐν στενῷ τόπῳ συνηθροισμένου.
First, before the sun rose, because of the coldness from the breeze of the waters, a chill would seize their bodies; but toward midday, the heat would choke them, as would be expected with so great a multitude gathered in a narrow place.

Notes

  1. 14.70.1ἀρχηγὸν ἔσεσθαι — The subject of the future infinitive ἔσεσθαι is the accusative (αὐτόν) omitted, which is understood from the genitive noun Φαρακίδου in the preceding genitive absolute clause.
  2. 14.70.2τὰ πρὸς τὸν τύραννον ἔχων οἰκείως — An idiomatic construction of 'ἔχω + adverb + πρός + accusative' meaning 'to stand in a certain relation or attitude towards someone.' Here it means 'having friendly relations with the tyrant.'
  3. 14.70.4συνεπελάβετο δὲ καὶ τῇ τοῦ δαιμονίου συμφορᾷ τὸ ... — The verb συνεπελάβετο ('contributed to', 'helped in') governs the dative τῇ ... συμφορᾷ. Its subjects are the three following articular infinitive clauses in parathesis: 'τὸ ... συναθροισθῆναι', '[τὸ] ... εἶναι', and 'τὸ ἔχειν...'.
  4. 14.70.6ὡς ἂν τοσούτου πλήθους ἐν στενῷ τόπῳ συνηθροισμένου — The conjunction ὡς ἄν followed by the genitive absolute (participle) indicates a conditional or potential reason ('as would naturally happen if/when so great a multitude was gathered').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.70.1-14.70.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.70.1-14.70.6

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