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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.66.1-14.66.5

Contrast Between the Deeds of Gelon and Dionysius

Passage 360 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Theodorus contrasts the greatness of Gelon, who once liberated Sicily, with the cowardice of Dionysius, who repeatedly fled and enslaved the citizens, denouncing his generalship and tyranny.

§14.66.1οὐ γὰρ δήπουθεν ἀξιώσαι τις ἂν παραβάλλειν Διονύσιον τῷ παλαιῷ Γέλωνι.
For surely no one would deign to compare Dionysius with the ancient Gelon.
ἐκεῖνος μὲν γὰρ μετὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἀρετῆς, μετὰ τῶν Συρακοσίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Σικελιωτῶν ἠλευθέρωσε τὴν Σικελίαν ἅπασαν, ὁ δʼ ἐν ἐλευθερίᾳ παραλαβὼν τὰς πόλεις τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἁπασῶν κυρίους πεποίηκε τοὺς πολεμίους, αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν πατρίδα καταδεδούλωται. §14.66.2κἀκεῖνος μὲν πολὺ πρὸ τῆς Σικελίας ἀγωνισάμενος τοὺς ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν ὄντας συμμάχους οὐδὲ ἰδεῖν τοὺς πολεμίους ἐποίησεν, ὁ δʼ ἀπὸ Μοτύης διὰ πάσης τῆς νήσου φυγὼν συγκέκλεικεν ἑαυτὸν ἐντὸς τῶν τειχῶν, πρὸς μὲν τοὺς πολίτας θρασυνόμενος, τοὺς δὲ πολεμίους οὐδὲ κατʼ ὄψιν ἰδεῖν ὑπομένων. §14.66.3τοιγαροῦν ἐκεῖνος μὲν διά τε τὴν ἀρετὴν καὶ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν πράξεων οὐ μόνον τῶν Συρακοσίων, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν Σικελιωτῶν ἑκουσίων παρέλαβε τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, ὁ δʼ ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ μὲν τῶν συμμάχων, ἐπὶ δουλείᾳ δὲ τῶν πολιτῶν στρατηγήσας, πῶς οὐκ ἂν δικαίως ὑπὸ πάντων μισοῖτο;
For the latter, with his own virtue, and together with the Syracusans and the other Siceliots, liberated the whole of Sicily; but the former, having received the cities in freedom, has made the enemy masters of all the others, and has himself enslaved his own fatherland. And while the former, by fighting far in front of Sicily, made it so that the allies in the cities did not even see the enemy, the latter, fleeing from Motya through the whole of the island, has shut himself up within the walls, acting boldly toward the citizens, but not even enduring to see the enemy face to face. Therefore, the former, because of both his virtue and the greatness of his deeds, received the hegemony not only of the Syracusans but also of the Siceliots, with them consenting willingly; but the latter, having held the generalship for the destruction of the allies and for the enslavement of the citizens, how could he not be justly hated by all?
οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἡγεμονίας ἀνάξιος, ἀλλὰ καὶ μυρίων θανάτων τυχεῖν δίκαιος. §14.66.4Γέλα καὶ Καμάρινα διὰ τοῦτον κατεστράφησαν, Μεσσήνη ἄρδην ἀνῄρηται, κατὰ ναυμαχίαν δισμύριοι τῶν συμμάχων ἀπολώλασι, τὸ σύνολον εἰς μίαν κατακεκλείσμεθα πόλιν, τῶν κατὰ Σικελίαν Ἑλληνίδων πασῶν ἀνῃρημένων.
For he is not only unworthy of hegemony, but also deserves to meet with ten thousand deaths. Gela and Camarina were destroyed because of this man, Messene has been utterly ruined, and in the sea-fight twenty thousand of the allies have perished; in short, we have been shut up into a single city, all the Greek cities of Sicily having been destroyed.
πρὸς γὰρ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀδικήμασι Μάξον καὶ Κατάνην ἐξηνδραποδίσατο, πόλεις συμμαχίδας, ἐπικαίρους πόλεις, ἄρδην ἀνῄρηκεν. §14.66.5καὶ πρὸς μὲν Καρχηδονίους δύο μάχας ἐνστησάμενος ἐν ἑκατέραις ἥττηται, παρὰ δὲ τοῖς πολίταις πιστευθεὶς ἅπαξ στρατηγίας εὐθέως ἀφείλετο τὴν ἐλευθερίαν, φονεύων μὲν τοὺς παρρησίαν ἄγοντας ὑπὲρ τῶν νόμων, φυγαδεύων δὲ τοὺς ταῖς οὐσίαις προέχοντας, καὶ τὰς μὲν τῶν φυγάδων γυναῖκας οἰκέταις καὶ μιγάσιν ἀνθρώποις συνοικίζων, τῶν δὲ πολιτικῶν ὅπλων βαρβάρους καὶ ξένους ποιῶν κυρίους.
For in addition to his other crimes, he enslaved Naxos and Catane, allied cities and strategically situated, and has utterly ruined them. And while, after engaging in two battles against the Carthaginians, he was defeated in both, on the other hand, having been entrusted once with the generalship by the citizens, he immediately stripped them of their freedom, murdering those who spoke with freedom on behalf of the laws, and banishing those who excelled in wealth, marrying the wives of the exiles to slaves and mixed crowds of men, and making barbarians and foreigners masters of the citizens' weapons.
καὶ ταῦτʼ ἔπραξεν, ὦ Ζεῦ καὶ θεοὶ πάντες, ὑπηρέτης ἀρχείων, ἀπεγνωσμένος ἄνθρωπος.
And these things, O Zeus and all the gods, were done by a clerk of the public offices, a desperate man!

Notes

  1. 14.66.1ἀξιώσαι τις ἂν — Potential optative with the particle ἄν, expressing a possibility or expectation: 'no one would deign/think fit.'
  2. 14.66.3ἑκουσίων — Genitive plural adjective agreeing with the genitive nouns (τῶν Συρακοσίων, τῶν Σικελιωτῶν), functioning predicatively to mean 'with them consenting willingly' or 'they being willing.'
  3. 14.66.3δίκαιος — Personal construction of the adjective ('he is just/deserving to...') instead of the impersonal construct (δίκαιόν ἐστιν... 'it is just that...'), followed by the infinitive τυχεῖν.
  4. 14.66.4Μάξον — The manuscript reading is Μάξον (Maxos), but in the historical context of Sicily, it is widely understood as a scribal error for Νάξον (Naxos), a Chalcidian colony. The translation reflects this standard emendation.
  5. 14.66.5πιστευθεὶς ἅπαξ στρατηγίας — A passive construction of the verb πιστεύω (which takes a dative in the active). The original dative (the citizens) becomes the subject (πιστευθείς), and the thing entrusted (the generalship) is expressed in the genitive (στρατηγίας).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.66.1-14.66.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.66.1-14.66.5

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