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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.52.1-14.52.7

Night Attack by Archylus and the Fall of Motya

Passage 346 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The inhabitants of Motya, fearing the terrible fate of their families and having no way to escape, fight desperately against the Siceliotes. However, Dionysius exploits the routine of evening withdrawals by sending a select force under Archylus at night to scale the houses, eventually overcoming the resistance through numerical superiority.

§14.52.1οἱ δὲ Μοτυηνοὶ τὸ μέγεθος τοῦ κινδύνου λογιζόμενοι, καὶ τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ τῶν τέκνων ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς ὄντων, τῷ περὶ τούτων φόβῳ προθυμότερον ἠγωνίζοντο.
But the inhabitants of Motya, taking into account the magnitude of the danger, and with their wives and children before their eyes, fought more eagerly out of fear for them.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ γονέων παρεστώτων καὶ δεομένων μὴ περιιδεῖν αὐτοὺς τῇ τούτων ὕβρει παραδιδομένους ἐπηγείροντο ταῖς ψυχαῖς, οὐδεμίαν φειδὼ τοῦ ζῆν ποιούμενοι, οἱ δὲ γυναικῶν καὶ νηπίων τέκνων θρῆνον ἀκούοντες ἔσπευδον εὐγενῶς ἀποθανεῖν, πρὶν ἐπιδεῖν τὴν τῶν τέκνων αἰχμαλωσίαν·
For some, with their parents standing by and begging them not to allow them to be abandoned to the insolence of the enemy, were aroused in their souls, having no regard for their lives; while others, hearing the lamentation of their wives and infant children, hastened to die nobly before they should witness the captivity of their children.
§14.52.2οὐδὲ γὰρ φυγεῖν ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἦν, ὡς ἂν περιεχούσης μὲν θαλάττης, τῶν δὲ πολεμίων θαλαττοκρατούντων.
For indeed escape from the city was impossible, since the sea surrounded it and the enemy were masters of the sea.
ἐξέπληττέ τε καὶ μάλιστα ἀπογινώσκειν ἐποίει τοὺς Φοίνικας τὸ ὠμῶς κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἡλωκόσιν, οἷς ταὐτὸ προσεδόκων πείσεσθαι.
Moreover, the fact that they had treated the Greek captives cruelly terrified the Phoenicians and made them despair above all, because they expected to suffer the same fate.
ἀπελείπετʼ οὖν αὐτοῖς εὐγενῶς μαχομένοις ἢ νικᾶν ἢ τελευτᾶν.
Therefore, there was left for them, fighting nobly, either to conquer or to die.
§14.52.3τοιαύτης δὲ παραστάσεως ἐμπεσούσης εἰς τὰς τῶν πολιορκουμένων ψυχάς, συνέβαινε τοὺς Σικελιώτας εἰς πολλὴν ἀπορίαν ἐμπίπτειν.
When such a resolution entered the souls of the besieged, it happened that the Siceliotes fell into great difficulty.
§14.52.4ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν ἐπερεισθεισῶν σανίδων μαχόμενοι κακῶς ἀπήλλαττον διά τε τὴν στενοχωρίαν καὶ διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἐναντίους ἀπονενοημένως κινδυνεύειν, ὡς ἂν ἀπογινώσκοντας τὸ ζῆν· ὥσθʼ οἱ μὲν εἰς χεῖρας συμπλεκόμενοι καὶ τραύματα διδόντες καὶ λαμβάνοντες ἀπέθνησκον, οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν Μοτυαίων ἐξωθούμενοι καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σανίδων ἀποπίπτοντες εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀπώλλυντο.
For fighting from the boarding bridges that had been thrown across, they fared badly both because of the narrowness of the space and because the opponents risked their lives desperately, as if they had despaired of living; so that some died as they locked in hand-to-hand combat, giving and receiving wounds, while others, pushed off by the Motyans and falling from the boarding bridges to the ground, perished.
§14.52.5τέλος δʼ ἐφʼ ἡμέρας τοιαύτης τινὸς τῆς πολιορκίας γινομένης, Διονύσιος αἰεὶ πρὸς τὴν ἑσπέραν τῇ σάλπιγγι τοὺς μαχομένους ἀνακαλούμενος ἔλυε τὴν πολιορκίαν.
Finally, as this kind of siege went on for some days, Dionysius, always calling back the combatants with the trumpet toward evening, broke off the siege.
εἰς τοιαύτην δὲ συνήθειαν τοὺς Μοτυαίους ἀγαγών, ἐπειδὴ παρʼ ἑκατέρων οἱ κινδυνεύοντες ἀπῆλθον, ἀπέστειλεν Ἀρχύλον τὸν Θούριον μετὰ τῶν ἐπιλέκτων·
Having accustomed the Motyans to such a routine, when the combatants from both sides had withdrawn, he sent Archylus of Thurii with select troops.
§14.52.6οὗτος δʼ ἤδη νυκτὸς οὔσης προσήρεισε ταῖς πεπτωκυίαις οἰκίαις κλίμακας, διʼ ὧν ἀναβὰς καὶ καταλαβόμενός τινα τόπον εὔκαιρον παρεδέχετο τοὺς περὶ τὸν Διονύσιον.
This man, when it was already night, placed ladders against the collapsed houses, and having climbed up through them and occupied a favorable position, he let in Dionysius' forces.
§14.52.7οἱ δὲ Μοτυαῖοι τὸ γεγενημένον αἰσθόμενοι παραυτίκα μετὰ πάσης σπουδῆς παρεβοήθουν, καὶ τῶν καιρῶν ὑστεροῦντες οὐδὲν ἧττον ὑπέστησαν τὸν κίνδυνον.
But the Motyans, perceiving what had happened, immediately brought aid with all haste, and although they had missed the opportune moment, they none the less withstood the danger.
γενομένης δὲ τῆς μάχης ἰσχυρᾶς καὶ πολλῶν προσαναβάντων, μόγις οἱ Σικελιῶται τῷ πλήθει κατεπόνησαν τοὺς ἀνθεστηκότας.
When the battle became fierce and many climbed up, the Siceliotes with difficulty overcame the opponents by their numbers.

Notes

  1. 14.52.2τὸ ὠμῶς κεχρῆσθαι τοῖς τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἡλωκόσιν — A substantivized infinitive phrase acting as the subject of the sentence. The implied subject of the infinitive is the Phoenicians, referring to their past cruel treatment of Greek captives, which caused them to despair as they anticipated receiving the same treatment. The dative `τοῖς ... ἡλωκόσιν` serves as the object of `κεχρῆσθαι`.
  2. 14.52.2ὡς ἂν περιεχούσης μὲν θαλάττης — The conjunction `ὡς` with the particle `ἄν` accompanying the genitive absolute construction, presenting a reason or condition that naturally follows from the objective circumstance.
  3. 14.52.5ἐφʼ ἡμέρας τοιαύτης τινὸς τῆς πολιορκίας γινομένης — The preposition `ἐπί` with the genitive case indicating temporal duration ('over the course of', 'for some days'). It means 'while this kind of siege was taking place for several days'.
  4. 14.52.7τῶν καιρῶν ὑστεροῦντες — The verb `ὑστερέω` (to lag behind, to miss a critical moment) governs the genitive case (`τῶν καιρῶν`), stemming from an ablative sense of separation or comparison.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.52.1-14.52.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.52.1-14.52.7

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