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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.47.1-14.47.7

Declaration of War on Carthage and March on Motya

Passage 341 of 723 · Greek

Summary

Dionysius sends a letter of declaration of war to Carthage, while he himself marches with a massive army toward the Carthaginian stronghold of Motya in western Sicily, absorbing inhabitants of Greek cities along the way into his forces.

§14.47.1τοῦ δʼ ἐνιαυσίου χρόνου διεληλυθότος Ἀθήνησι μὲν παρειλήφει τὴν ἀρχὴν Λυσιάδης, ἐν δὲ τῇ Ῥώμῃ τὴν ὕπατον ἀρχὴν διῴκουν χιλίαρχοι ἕξ, Πόπλιος Μάλλιος, Πούπλιος Μαίλιος, Σπόριος Φούριος, Λεύκιος Πούπλιος.
When the period of a year had elapsed, Lysiades assumed the office of archon in Athens, and in Rome six military tribunes, Publius Manlius, Publius Maelius, Spurius Furius, and Lucius Publilius, administered the consular authority.
Διονύσιος δʼ ὁ τῶν Συρακοσίων τύραννος, ἐπειδὴ πάντα τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον αὐτῷ κατεσκεύαστο κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν προαίρεσιν, ἐξέπεμψεν εἰς Καρχηδόνα κήρυκα, δοὺς ἐπιστολὴν πρὸς τὴν γερουσίαν·
Dionysius, the tyrant of the Syracusans, since all his preparations for the war had been completed according to his own plan, dispatched a herald to Carthage, giving him a letter addressed to the senate.
§14.47.2ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ γεγραμμένον ἦν ὅτι Συρακοσίοις δεδογμένον εἴη πολεμεῖν πρὸς Καρχηδονίους, ἐὰν μὴ τῶν Ἑλληνίδων πόλεων ἐκχωρήσωσιν.
In this letter it had been written that the Syracusans had resolved to make war on the Carthaginians unless they withdrew from the Greek cities.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸ παραγγελθὲν πλεύσας εἰς Λιβύην τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἀπέδωκε τῇ γερουσίᾳ.
The herald, therefore, having sailed to Libya in accordance with his instructions, delivered the letter to the senate.
ἧς ἀναγνωσθείσης ἔν τε τῇ συγκλήτῳ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτʼ ἐν τῷ δήμῳ συνέβη τοὺς Καρχηδονίους οὐ μετρίως ἀγωνιᾶν περὶ τοῦ πολέμου· ὅ τε γὰρ λοιμὸς αὐτῶν παμπληθεῖς ἀπεκτάγκει καὶ τοῖς ὅλοις ἦσαν ἀπαρασκεύαστοι.
When this had been read both in the senate and afterwards in the assembly of the people, it happened that the Carthaginians fell into no small anxiety regarding the war; for the plague had carried off vast numbers of them, and they were completely unprepared.
§14.47.3οὐ μὴν ἀλλʼ οὗτοι μὲν ἐκαραδόκουν τὴν τῶν Συρακοσίων προαίρεσιν, καὶ μετὰ πολλῶν χρημάτων ἀπέστειλάν τινας τῶν ἐκ τῆς γερουσίας τοὺς ξενολογήσοντας ἀπὸ τῆς Εὐρώπης·
Nevertheless, they watched closely for the intentions of the Syracusans, and dispatched some of the senators with a large sum of money to recruit mercenaries from Europe.
§14.47.4Διονύσιος δʼ ἀναλαβὼν τοὺς Συρακοσίους καὶ τοὺς μισθοφόρους, ἔτι δὲ τοὺς συμμάχους, ἀνέζευξεν ἐκ Συρακουσῶν, ἐπʼ Ἔρυκος τὴν πορείαν ποιούμενος.
Dionysius, taking with him the Syracusans, the mercenaries, and furthermore the allies, set out from Syracuse, making his march toward Eryx.
οὐ μακρὰν γὰρ τοῦ λόφου τούτου Μοτύη πόλις ἦν ἄποικος Καρχηδονίων, ᾗ μάλιστα ἐχρῶντο κατὰ τῆς Σικελίας ὁρμητηρίῳ· ταύτης γὰρ κρατήσας ἤλπιζεν οὐκ ὀλίγα προτερήσειν τῶν πολεμίων.
For not far from this hill lay the city of Motya, a colony of the Carthaginians, which they used especially as their base of operations against Sicily; for he hoped that by capturing this city he would gain no small advantage over the enemy.
§14.47.5κατὰ δὲ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ἀεὶ παρελάμβανε τοὺς ἐκ τῶν Ἑλληνίδων πόλεων, πανδημεὶ καθοπλίζων· συνεστρατεύοντο γὰρ αὐτῷ προθύμως ἅπαντες, μισοῦντες μὲν τὸ βάρος τῆς τῶν Φοινίκων ἐπικρατείας, ἐπιθυμοῦντες δὲ τυχεῖν ποτε τῆς ἐλευθερίας.
Along the route of his march, he continually took along the inhabitants of the Greek cities, arming them in a body; for they all eagerly joined his campaign, hating the weight of the Phoenician domination and desiring to obtain their freedom at last.
§14.47.6καὶ πρώτους μὲν Καμαριναίους παρέλαβεν, εἶτα Γελῴους καὶ Ἀκραγαντίνους· μεθʼ οὓς Ἱμεραίους μετεπέμψατο, κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ θάτερα μέρη τῆς Σικελίας· Σελινουντίους δʼ ἐν παρόδῳ προσαγαγόμενος παρεγενήθη πρὸς τὴν Μοτύην μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως.
He first took along the Camarinaeans, then the Geloans and Agrigentines; after them he summoned the Himeraeans, who dwelt on the other side of Sicily; and having won over the Selinuntians on his way, he arrived at Motya with all his forces.
§14.47.7εἶχε δὲ πεζοὺς μὲν ὀκτακισμυρίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ πολὺ πλείους τῶν τρισχιλίων, ναῦς δὲ μακρὰς οὐ πολὺ λειπούσας τῶν διακοσίων· συνηκολούθει δὲ καὶ φορτηγὰ πλοῖα γέμοντα πολλῶν μηχανημάτων, ἔτι δὲ τῆς ἄλλης χορηγίας ἁπάσης, ὄντα τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὐκ ἐλάττω πεντακοσίων.
He had eighty thousand infantry, much more than three thousand cavalry, and war vessels not far short of two hundred; and there also accompanied him merchant vessels laden with many siege engines and all other supplies, numbering no fewer than five hundred.

Notes

  1. 14.47.2δεδογμένον εἴη — Since the main verb is past (γεγραμμένον ἦν), the indicative (δεδογμένον ἐστί / δέδοκται) in the ὅτι clause has changed into the optative of indirect discourse in a past context, expressing the decision made by the Syracusans.
  2. 14.47.2ἧς ἀναγνωσθείσης — A genitive absolute construction using the relative pronoun ἧς (whose antecedent is the ἐπιστολή mentioned in the preceding sentence). Positioned at the beginning of the clause, it links the sentences by expressing 'when this letter had been read.'
  3. 14.47.3τοὺς ξενολογήσοντας — The future active participle with the article, expressing purpose ('in order to, for the purpose of'). Used in connection with a verb of sending (ἀπέστειλαν) to mean 'those who were to recruit mercenaries' or 'to recruit mercenaries.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.47.1-14.47.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.47.1-14.47.7

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