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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.30.1-14.30.7

Honey Poisoning and the March to Trapezus

Passage 324 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Greek soldiers suffer temporary but strange poisoning from eating honey in Colchis, recover, and march through the Greek cities of Trapezus and Cerasus, then pass through the territory of the barbaric Mossynoeci.

§14.30.1εὑρίσκετο δὲ καὶ σμήνη παμπληθῆ περὶ τοὺς τόπους, ἐξ ὧν πολυτελῆ προσεφέρετο κηρία.
There were also found in those parts a great many beehives, from which abundant honeycombs were obtained.
τούτων δʼ οἱ γευσάμενοι παραλόγῳ περιέπιπτον συμπτώματι· οἱ γὰρ μεταλαβόντες αὐτῶν ἄφρονες ἐγίνοντο καὶ πίπτοντες ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ὅμοιοι τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν ὑπῆρχον.
But those who tasted of them fell into a strange malady; for those who partook of them became mad, and falling to the ground, they were like men who had died.
§14.30.2πολλῶν δὲ φαγόντων διὰ τὴν γλυκύτητα τῆς ἀπολαύσεως, ταχὺ τὸ πλῆθος ἐγεγόνει τῶν πεπτωκότων οἱονεὶ τροπῆς ἐν πολέμῳ γεγενημένης.
Since many ate of them because of the sweetness of the pleasure, soon the number of those who had fallen was like a rout that had occurred in battle.
ἐκείνην μὲν οὖν τὴν ἡμέραν ἠθύμησεν ἡ δύναμις, καταπεπληγμένη τό τε παράδοξον καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἠτυχηκότων· τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ περὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν ἅπαντες ἑαυτοὺς ἀνελάμβανον καὶ κατʼ ὀλίγον ἀνακτώμενοι τὸ φρονεῖν ἀνέστησαν, καὶ τὸ σῶμα διετέθησαν ὁμοίως τοῖς ἐκ φαρμακοποσίας διασωθεῖσιν.
For that day, therefore, the army was disheartened, being struck with consternation at both the strangeness of the event and the number of those who had suffered; but on the next day, about the same hour, they all recovered themselves, and gradually regaining their senses they stood up, and their bodies were in the same condition as those who have survived a potion of medicine.
§14.30.3ὡς δʼ ἀνέλαβον ἑαυτοὺς ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις, ἐπορεύθησαν εἰς Τραπεζοῦντα πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα, Σινωπέων μὲν ἄποικον, κειμένην δʼ ἐν τῇ Κόλχων χώρᾳ.
When they had recovered themselves within three days, they marched to Trapezus, a Greek city, a colony of the Sinopians, situated in the territory of the Colchians.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ διατρίψαντες ἡμέρας τριάκοντα, παρὰ μὲν τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις λαμπρῶς ἐξενίσθησαν, αὐτοὶ δὲ τῷ τε Ἡρακλεῖ καὶ Διὶ σωτηρίῳ θυσίαν ἐποίησαν καὶ γυμνικὸν ἀγῶνα, καθʼ ὃν τόπον φασὶ προσπλεῦσαι τὴν Ἀργὼ καὶ τοὺς περὶ Ἰάσονα.
Having spent thirty days there, they were magnificently entertained by the inhabitants, and they themselves offered sacrifice to Heracles and Zeus the Savior, and celebrated athletic games on the spot where, they say, the Argo and Jason’s company had put in.
§14.30.4ἐκεῖθεν δὲ Χειρίσοφον μὲν τὸν ἀφηγούμενον ἀπέστειλαν εἰς Βυζάντιον ἐπὶ πλοῖα καὶ τριήρεις· ἔλεγε γὰρ εἶναι φίλος Ἀναξιβίῳ τῷ Βυζαντίων ναυάρχῳ.
From there they dispatched Cheirisophus, the commander, to Byzantium to secure boats and triremes; for he said he was a friend of Anaxibius, the admiral of the Byzantines.
τοῦτον μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ κέλητος ἐξέπεμψαν· λαβόντες δὲ τῶν ἐπικώπων δύο πλοιάρια παρὰ τῶν Τραπεζουντίων, ἐλῄστευον τοὺς περιοικοῦντας βαρβάρους καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν.
Him, therefore, they sent off on a light boat; and they themselves, having obtained two small oared vessels from the Trapezuntians, plundered the neighboring barbarians both by land and by sea.
§14.30.5ἐφʼ ἡμέρας μὲν οὖν τριάκοντα περιέμειναν τὸν Χειρίσοφον· ὡς δʼ ἐκεῖνος ἐβράδυνεν, αἱ δὲ τροφαὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐσπάνιζον, ἀνέζευξαν ἐκ Τραπεζοῦντος, καὶ τριταῖοι παρεγενήθησαν εἰς Κερασοῦντα πόλιν Ἑλληνίδα, Σινωπέων ἄποικον.
For thirty days, then, they waited for Cheirisophus; but when he delayed and provisions for the men became scarce, they broke camp from Trapezus, and on the third day arrived at Cerasus, a Greek city, a colony of the Sinopians.
ἐν ταύτῃ δὲ ἡμέρας διατρίψαντές τινας παρεγενήθησαν εἰς τὸ τῶν Μοσυνοίκων ἔθνος.
Having spent some days in this city, they came to the territory of the nation of the Mossynoeci.
§14.30.6τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων συστραφέντων ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἐκράτησαν μάχῃ καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνεῖλον.
When the barbarians assembled against them, they defeated them in battle and killed many.
συμφυγόντων δʼ εἴς τι χωρίον, ἐν ᾧ κατῴκουν ἑπτωρόφους ἔχοντες ξυλίνους πύργους, συνεχεῖς προσβολὰς ποιησάμενοι κατὰ κράτος εἷλαν.
Since they had fled for refuge into a certain stronghold, where they lived having seven-storied wooden towers, the Greeks made continuous assaults and took it by storm.
ἦν δὲ τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο μητρόπολις τῶν ἄλλων ἐρυμάτων, ἐν ᾧ καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς αὐτῶν κατῴκει τὸν ὑψηλότατον τόπον ἔχων.
This place was the metropolis of their other strongholds, in which also their king resided, occupying the highest part.
§14.30.7ἔθος δʼ ἔχει πάτριον μένειν ἐν αὐτῷ τὸν πάντα βίον, κἀκεῖθεν διαδιδόναι τοῖς ὄχλοις τὰ προστάγματα.
It was his ancestral custom to remain in it all his life and from there to issue his commands to the multitudes.
βαρβαρώτατον δʼ ἔφασαν οἱ στρατιῶται τοῦτο διεληλυθέναι τὸ ἔθνος, καὶ ταῖς μὲν γυναιξὶν αὐτοὺς πλησιάζειν ἁπάντων ὁρώντων, τοὺς δὲ παῖδας τῶν πλουσιωτάτων τρέφεσθαι καρύοις ἑφθοῖς, ἅπαντας δʼ ἐκ παιδὸς στίγμασι τόν τε νῶτον καὶ τὰ στήθη καταπεποικίλθαι.
The soldiers said that this was the most barbaric nation they had passed through; for they consorted with their women in the sight of all, and the children of the richest were nourished on boiled chestnuts, and all of them from childhood had their backs and breasts variegated with tattoos.
ταύτην μὲν οὖν τὴν χώραν ἐν ἡμέραις ὀκτὼ διεπορεύθησαν, τὴν δʼ ἐχομένην ἐν τρισίν, ἣν ἐκάλουν Τιβαρηνήν.
This country, then, they traversed in eight days, and the next one, which they called Tibarene, in three.

Notes

  1. 14.30.1τούτων — A genitive of object (objective genitive) governed by the participle `γευσάμενοι` (from `γεύομαι`, "to taste"), referring back to the honeycombs (`κηρία`).
  2. 14.30.2τροπῆς ἐν πολέμῳ γεγενημένης — A genitive absolute construction introduced by the particle `οἱονεὶ` ("as if"), drawing a comparison between the mass of fallen poisoned soldiers and a defeat in battle.
  3. 14.30.3ἄποικον — An accusative feminine noun in apposition, which, together with the participle `κειμένην`, modifies the preceding proper noun `Τραπεζοῦντα` (Trapezus, a feminine noun in the accusative).
  4. 14.30.4Χειρίσοφον μὲν ... λαβόντες δὲ — The main contrast established by `μὲν ... δὲ` in this section. It contrasts the dispatch of Cheirisophus to Byzantium (`Χειρίσοφον μὲν`) with the remaining soldiers' activities of procuring boats and plundering (`λαβόντες δὲ`), while the intermediate `τοῦτον μὲν οὖν` serves as a brief parenthetical recapitulation.
  5. 14.30.7βαρβαρώτατον δʼ ἔφασαν οἱ στρατιῶται τοῦτο διεληλυθέναι τὸ ἔθνος — An accusative and infinitive construction (indirect discourse) governed by `ἔφασαν` ("they said"). `τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος` is the subject accusative of the infinitive `διεληλυθέναι` (perfect of `διέρχομαι`), and `βαρβαρώτατον` is the predicate adjective in the accusative.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.30.1-14.30.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.30.1-14.30.7

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