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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §14.116.1-14.116.9

Defense of the Capitol and Celtic Withdrawal

Passage 410 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Romans at Veii defeat the Tyrrhenians, rearm themselves, and Cominius successfully contacts the besieged Capitol. Later, a Celtic night attack on the Capitol is thwarted by the sacred geese and the bravery of Manlius, leading to a ransom treaty; after the war, hasty reconstruction leaves the city streets narrow and crooked.

§14.116.1τῶν δὲ Ῥωμαίων ἐν τοιαύταις ταραχαῖς ὄντων, οἱ παροικοῦντες Τυρρηνοὶ μετὰ δυνάμεως ἁδρᾶς ἐπεπορεύοντο τὴν τῶν Ῥωμαίων χώραν λεηλατοῦντες, καὶ πολλῶν μὲν σωμάτων, οὐκ ὀλίγης δʼ ὠφελείας ἐγκρατεῖς ἐγένοντο.
While the Romans were in such a state of confusion, the neighboring Tyrrhenians marched with a large force, plundering the territory of the Romans, and they got possession of many persons and no small amount of booty.
οἱ δʼ εἰς τοὺς Βηίους τῶν Ῥωμαίων πεφευγότες ἀπροσδοκήτως τοῖς Τυρρηνοῖς ἐπιπεσόντες ἐτρέψαντο, καὶ τήν τε λείαν ἀφείλαντο καὶ τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἐκυρίευσαν.
But the Romans who had fled to Veii, falling unexpectedly upon the Tyrrhenians, routed them, and both took back the booty and made themselves masters of their camp.
§14.116.2ἐγκρατεῖς δὲ γενόμενοι πολλῶν ὅπλων τοῖς τε ἀνόπλοις οὖσι διέδωκαν καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς χώρας ἀθροίζοντες καθώπλιζον· ἐβούλοντο γὰρ τοὺς εἰς τὸ Καπετώλιον συμπεφευγότας ἐκ τῆς πολιορκίας ἐξελέσθαι.
And having become masters of many arms, they distributed them to those who were unarmed, and gathering those from the countryside, they armed them; for they wished to deliver from the siege those who had fled to the Capitol.
§14.116.3ἀπορούντων δʼ αὐτῶν, ᾧ τρόπῳ δηλώσειαν τοῖς συγκεκλειμένοις διὰ τὸ τοὺς Κελτοὺς μεγάλαις δυνάμεσι περιστρατοπεδεύειν, Κομίνιός τις Πόντιος ὑπέσχετο παραθαρρύνειν τοὺς ἐν τῷ Καπετωλίῳ.
And when they were at a loss as to how they might make this known to those who were shut up, because the Celts were encamped around them with large forces, a certain Pontius Cominius undertook to go and encourage those in the Capitol.
§14.116.4ὁρμήσας οὖν μόνος καὶ διανηξάμενος νυκτὸς τὸν ποταμόν, ἔλαθε προσελθών τινα πέτραν τοῦ Καπετωλίου δύσβατον, καὶ ταύτῃ μόγις ἑαυτὸν ἑλκύσας ἐδήλωσε τοῖς ἐν τῷ Καπετωλίῳ περὶ τῶν συνηθροισμένων εἰς Βηίους καὶ διότι καιρὸν τηρήσαντες ἐπιθήσονται τοῖς Κελτοῖς.
So he set out alone and, having swum across the river by night, he succeeded in approaching without being seen a certain steep rock of the Capitol, and having with difficulty dragged himself up by this path, he made known to those in the Capitol about those who had gathered at Veii, and that they, watching for an opportunity, would attack the Celts.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν καταβὰς ᾗπερ ἀνέβη καὶ διακολυμβήσας τὸν Τίβεριν, εἰς Βηίους ἀνέστρεψεν·
He then, having descended by the same way he had ascended and having swum back across the Tiber, returned to Veii.
§14.116.5οἱ δὲ Κελτοὶ κατανοήσαντες τὰ ἴχνη τοῦ προσφάτως ἀναβεβηκότος, συνετάξαντο κατὰ τῆς αὐτῆς πέτρας ἀναβῆναι νυκτός.
But the Celts, having noticed the tracks of the man who had recently ascended, arranged to ascend by the same rock at night.
διὸ καὶ περὶ μέσας νύκτας οἱ μὲν φύλακες παρερρᾳθυμηκότες ἦσαν τῆς φυλακῆς διὰ τὴν ὀχυρότητα τοῦ τόπου, τῶν δὲ Κελτῶν τινες κατὰ τῆς πέτρας προσανέβησαν.
Therefore, about midnight, while the guards had become negligent in their watch because of the strength of the place, some of the Celts climbed up by the rock.
§14.116.6τοὺς μὲν οὖν φύλακας ἔλαθον, χῆνες δʼ ἱεροὶ τῆς Ἥρας τρεφόμενοι, καὶ θεωρήσαντες ἀναβαίνοντας κραυγὴν ἐποίουν.
Now they escaped the notice of the guards, but some sacred geese of Hera which were kept there, seeing them ascending, made a clamor.
συνδραμόντων δὲ τῶν φυλάκων ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον, οὗτοι μὲν καταπλαγέντες οὐκ ἐτόλμων προσελθεῖν, Μάρκος δέ τις Μάλλιος, ἔνδοξος ἀνήρ, ἐκβοηθήσας ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τῷ μὲν ξίφει τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ προσαναβαίνοντος ἀπέκοψε, τῷ δὲ θυρεῷ πατάξας εἰς τὸ στῆθος ἀπεκύλισεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας.
And when the guards ran together to the place, the latter, being struck with terror, did not dare to approach; but a certain Marcus Manlius, a man of distinction, running to the rescue at the spot, with his sword cut off the hand of the man who was climbing up, and striking him on the chest with his shield, rolled him down from the rock.
§14.116.7παραπλησίως δὲ καὶ τοῦ δευτέρου προσαναβαίνοντος ἀπολομένου, οἱ λοιποὶ ταχέως πάντες ἔφυγον· ἀπορρῶγος δὲ τῆς πέτρας οὔσης ἅπαντες κατακρημνισθέντες ἐτελεύτησαν.
And when the second climber had perished in like manner, all the rest quickly fled; and as the rock was precipitous, they were all thrown down the cliff and perished.
διόπερ πρεσβευομένων τῶν Ῥωμαίων περὶ διαλύσεως, ἐπείσθησαν χιλίας λαβόντες λίτρας χρυσίου τὴν πόλιν ἐκλιπεῖν καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ῥωμαίων χώρας ἀπαλλαγῆναι.
Therefore, when the Romans sent envoys to treat for a settlement, they were persuaded, on receiving a thousand pounds of gold, to leave the city and depart from the territory of the Romans.
§14.116.8Ῥωμαῖοι δέ, τῶν μὲν οἰκιῶν κατεσκαμμένων, τῶν δὲ πλείστων πολιτῶν ἀπολωλότων, ἔδωκαν ἐξουσίαν τῷ βουλομένῳ καθʼ ὃν προῄρηται τόπον οἰκίαν οἰκοδομεῖν, καὶ δημοσίας κεραμῖδας ἐχορήγουν, αἳ μέχρι τοῦ νῦν πολιτικαὶ καλοῦνται. §14.116.9ἁπάντων οὖν πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν προαίρεσιν οἰκοδομούντων, συνέβη τὰς κατὰ πόλιν ὁδοὺς στενὰς γενέσθαι καὶ καμπὰς ἐχούσας· διόπερ ὕστερον αὐξηθέντες οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν εὐθείας ποιῆσαι τὰς ὁδούς.
And the Romans, since their houses had been demolished and the majority of their citizens had perished, gave permission to anyone who wished to build a house in whatever place he chose, and they supplied public tiles, which up to the present time are called "civil tiles." Since everyone, therefore, built according to his own preference, it happened that the streets in the city became narrow and crooked; for which reason, when they later grew in power, they were unable to make the streets straight.
λέγουσι δέ τινες καὶ διότι τὸν χρυσοῦν κόσμον αἱ γυναῖκες εἰς τὴν κοινὴν σωτηρίαν εἰσενέγκασαι ταύτης ἔτυχον παρὰ τοῦ δήμου τιμῆς, ὥστʼ ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐφʼ ἁρμάτων ὀχεῖσθαι κατὰ τὴν πόλιν.
And some say also that, because the women contributed their gold ornaments for the common safety, they received this honor from the people, namely, the right to ride in chariots through the city.

Notes

  1. 14.116.3ἀπορούντων δʼ αὐτῶν, ᾧ τρόπῳ δηλώσειαν ... διὰ τὸ τοὺς Κελτοὺς ... περιστρατοπεδεύειν — `ἀπορούντων δʼ αὐτῶν` is a genitive absolute. `ᾧ τρόπῳ δηλώσειαν` is an indirect question, where the optative (`δηλώσειαν`) is used as an oblique optative responding to the past context of the main clause (`ὑπέσχετο`). `διὰ τὸ ...` is a causal construction consisting of the preposition `διά` with the articular infinitive `περιστρατοπεδεύειν`, with `τοὺς Κελτοὺς` acting as its subject accusative.
  2. 14.116.4ἔλαθε προσελθών — The combination of the verb `λανθάνω` (`ἔλαθε`) and the participle (`προσελθών`) expresses the idea of doing something secretly or without being noticed: "he approached without being noticed."
  3. 14.116.9λέγουσι δέ τινες καὶ διότι — The conjunction `διότι` is used here instead of the more common `ὅτι` to introduce a noun clause after `λέγουσι` (a usage frequently found in later Greek).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §14.116.1-14.116.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:14.116.1-14.116.9

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