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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.79.1-13.79.8

Fall of Mitylene Harbor and the Founding of Therma

Passage 258 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The intense battle between the Athenians and the Peloponnesians over Mitylene's harbor is described, resulting in the Peloponnesian victory and siege of the city, alongside the diplomatic friction between Syracuse and Carthage and the Carthaginian founding of Therma in Sicily.

§13.79.1οἱ δὲ Πελοποννήσιοι τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων φιλοτιμίας ἐλείποντο οὐδέν.
And the Peloponnesians fell not a whit short of the eagerness of the Athenians.
ταῖς γὰρ ναυσὶν ἀθρόαις ἐπιπλεύσαντες, καὶ τοὺς ἀρίστους ἄνδρας ἐπὶ τὰ καταστρώματα τάξαντες, τὴν ναυμαχίαν ἅμα καὶ πεζὴν ἐποιοῦντο μάχην· βιαζόμενοι γὰρ εἰς τὰς τῶν ἀντιτεταγμένων ναῦς ταῖς πρῴραις ἐπέβαινον τετολμηκότως, ὡς οὐχ ὑποστησομένων τὸ δεινὸν τῶν προηττημένων.
For sailing against them with their ships in close array, and having stationed their best men upon the decks, they made it at once a naval battle and a land fight; for forcing their way, they boldly boarded the ships of those drawn up against them with their prows, thinking that those who had been previously defeated would not withstand the danger.
§13.79.2οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Μιτυληναῖοι μίαν ὁρῶντες ἀπολειπομένην σωτηρίαν τὴν ἐκ τῆς νίκης, εὐγενῶς ἀποθνήσκειν ἔσπευδον ὑπὲρ τοῦ μὴ λιπεῖν τὴν τάξιν.
But the Athenians and Mitylenaeans, seeing that the only safety left to them was that which came from victory, were eager to die nobly in order not to leave their post.
κατεχούσης δὲ φιλοτιμίας ἀνυπερβλήτου τὰ στρατόπεδα πολὺς ἐγένετο φόνος, ἁπάντων ἀφειδῶς τὰ σώματα τοῖς κινδύνοις παραρριπτόντων.
And as an unsurpassable eagerness possessed the armies, great was the slaughter, since all threw their bodies recklessly into danger.
§13.79.3οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τῶν καταστρωμάτων ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν εἰς αὐτοὺς φερομένων βελῶν κατετιτρώσκοντο, καὶ τινὲς μὲν ἐπικαίρως πληγέντες ἔπιπτον εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, τινὲς δʼ οὐκ αἰσθανόμενοι θερμῶν ἔτι τῶν πληγῶν οὐσῶν διηγωνίζοντο· πλεῖστοι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν λιθοφόρων κεραιῶν ἔπιπτον, ὡς ἂν ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων τόπων βαλλόντων λίθους ὑπερμεγέθεις τῶν Ἀθηναίων.
For those upon the decks were wounded by the multitude of missiles borne against them, and some indeed, being mortally struck, fell into the sea, while others, not feeling their wounds while they were still warm, continued to fight; but the greatest number fell by the stone-bearing yardarms, because the Athenians threw exceedingly large stones from higher positions.
§13.79.4οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῆς μάχης ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον γενομένης, καὶ πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις ἀπολλυμένων, ὁ Καλλικρατίδας ἀνεκαλέσατο τῇ σάλπιγγι τοὺς στρατιώτας, βουλόμενος αὐτοὺς διαναπαῦσαι.
Nevertheless, as the battle continued for a long time and many were perishing on both sides, Callicratidas recalled the soldiers with the trumpet, wishing to give them a rest.
§13.79.5μετὰ δέ τινα καιρὸν πάλιν πληρώσας τὰς ναῦς, καὶ πολὺν διαγωνισάμενος χρόνον, μόγις τῷ τε πλήθει τῶν νεῶν καὶ τῇ ῥώμῃ τῶν ἐπιβατῶν ἐξέωσε τοὺς Ἀθηναίους.
And after some time, having manned the ships again and having fought for a long time, he with difficulty pushed out the Athenians by the multitude of his ships and the strength of his marines.
ὧν συμφυγόντων εἰς τὸν ἐν τῇ πόλει λιμένα, διέπλευσε τὰ διαφράγματα, καὶ καθωρμίσθη πλησίον τῆς πόλεως τῶν Μιτυληναίων.
When these had fled together into the harbor within the city, he sailed through the barriers and anchored near the city of the Mitylenaeans.
§13.79.6ὁ γὰρ εἴσπλους ὑπὲρ οὗ διηγωνίζοντο λιμένα μὲν εἶχε καλόν, ἐκτὸς δὲ τῆς πόλεώς ἐστιν.
For the entrance for which they were fighting had a good harbor, but it was outside the city.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἀρχαία πόλις μικρὰ νῆσός ἐστιν, ἡ δʼ ὕστερον προσοικισθεῖσα τῆς ἀντιπέραν ἐστὶ Λέσβου· ἀνὰ μέσον δʼ αὐτῶν ἐστιν εὔριπος στενὸς καὶ ποιῶν τὴν πόλιν ὀχυράν.
For the ancient city is a small island, but that which was settled later is on the opposite Lesbos; and between them is a narrow strait which makes the city secure.
§13.79.7ὁ δὲ Καλλικρατίδας ἐκβιβάσας τὴν δύναμιν περιεστρατοπέδευσε τὴν πόλιν, καὶ πανταχόθεν προσβολὰς ἐποιεῖτο.
And Callicratidas, having disembarked his force, encamped around the city and made attacks from all sides.
καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ τὴν Μιτυλήνην ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And the affairs of Mitylene were in this state.
§13.79.8κατὰ δὲ Σικελίαν Συρακόσιοι πέμψαντες εἰς Καρχηδόνα πρέσβεις περί τε τοῦ πολέμου κατεμέμφοντο καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἠξίουν παύσασθαι τῆς διαφορᾶς.
And in Sicily, the Syracusans, having sent envoys to Carthage, complained about the war and demanded that they cease from the dispute for the future.
οἷς οἱ Καρχηδόνιοι τὰς ἀποκρίσεις ἀμφιβόλους δόντες, ἐν μὲν τῇ Λιβύῃ μεγάλας παρεσκευάζοντο δυνάμεις, ἐπιθυμοῦντες ἁπάσας τὰς ἐν τῇ νήσῳ πόλεις καταδουλώσασθαι· πρὶν ἢ δὲ τὰ στρατόπεδα διαβιβάζειν, καταλέξαντες τῶν πολιτῶν τινας καὶ τῶν ἄλλων Λιβύων τοὺς βουλομένους ἔκτισαν ἐν τῇ Σικελίᾳ πρὸς αὐτοῖς τοῖς θερμοῖς ὕδασι πόλιν, ὀνομάσαντες Θέρμα.
To whom the Carthaginians, having given ambiguous answers, were preparing great forces in Libya, desiring to enslave all the cities on the island; but before transporting the armies, having enrolled some of the citizens and such of the other Libyans as wished, they founded a city in Sicily by the warm springs themselves, naming it Therma.

Notes

  1. 13.79.1ὡς οὐχ ὑποστησομένων τὸ δεινὸν τῶν προηττημένων — The conjunction `ὡς` is used with the genitive absolute (`τῶν προηττημένων ... οὐχ ὑποστησομένων`) to express the subjective reason or thoughts of the main subject (the Peloponnesians: "thinking that..."). `τῶν προηττημένων` ("those who had been previously defeated") refers to the Athenians.
  2. 13.79.3ὡς ἂν ἐξ ὑπερδεξίων τόπων βαλλόντων λίθους ὑπερμεγέθεις τῶν Ἀθηναίων — The construction `ὡς ἄν` with the participle `βαλλόντων` in the genitive absolute (subject: `τῶν Ἀθηναίων`) presents the vivid reason or circumstance for the high casualties: "because the Athenians were throwing...".
  3. 13.79.6τῆς ἀντιπέραν ἐστὶ Λέσβου — The genitive `τῆς ... Λέσβου` indicates the location ("is on the opposite Lesbos") of the newly settled part of the city (`ἡ δʼ ὕστερον προσοικισθεῖσα`). `ἀντιπέραν` ("opposite") functions adverbially to specify the position.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.79.1-13.79.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.79.1-13.79.8

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