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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.78.1-13.78.7

Defense of Mitylene Harbor and Callicratidas' Siege

Passage 257 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The Athenian navy under Conon temporarily counterattacks the Peloponnesians but is forced to retreat due to the gathering of the enemy's full force, leading Conon to establish a firm defense at the harbor of Mitylene to resist Callicratidas's siege.

§13.78.1ὁ δὲ Κόνων δεξιῶς τῷ καιρῷ χρησάμενος εὐθὺς ἐνέκειτο, καὶ τὴν παράταξιν αὐτῶν διεκώλυεν, ἃς μὲν τιτρώσκων, ὧν δὲ τοὺς ταρσοὺς παρασύρων.
And Conon, making skillful use of the opportunity, immediately pressed upon them and prevented their formation, damaging some of the ships and sweeping away the oars of others.
τῶν μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸν Κόνωνα ταχθεισῶν οὐδεμία πρὸς φυγὴν ἐπέστρεψεν, ἀλλὰ πρύμναν ἀνακρουόμεναι διεκαρτέρουν, προσδεχόμεναι τὰς ἀφυστερούσας·
Of the ships drawn up against Conon, not one turned to flight, but backing water, they held out, waiting for those that were lagging behind.
§13.78.2οἱ δὲ τὴν εὐώνυμον ἔχοντες τάξιν Ἀθηναῖοι τρεψάμενοι τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἐπέκειντο φιλοτιμότερον ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον διώκοντες.
And the Athenians who held the left wing, having routed those opposed to them, pressed on, pursuing them with great eagerness for a long time.
ἤδη δὲ πασῶν τῶν νεῶν τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις ἠθροισμένων, ὁ μὲν Κόνων εὐλαβηθεὶς τὸ πλῆθος τῶν πολεμίων τοῦ μὲν διώκειν ἀπέστη, μετὰ τεσσαράκοντα δὲ νεῶν ἀπέπλευσεν εἰς Μιτυλήνην.
But when all the ships had already gathered for the Peloponnesians, Conon, fearing the multitude of the enemy, desisted from the pursuit and sailed away with forty ships to Mitylene.
§13.78.3τοὺς δὲ διώξαντας Ἀθηναίους αἱ τῶν Πελοποννησίων ναῦς ἅπασαι περιχυθεῖσαι κατεπλήξαντο, καὶ τῆς ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ἐπανόδου διακλείσασαι φυγεῖν πρὸς τὴν γῆν ἐβιάσαντο.
But all the ships of the Peloponnesians, surrounding the pursuing Athenians, struck them with terror, and blocking their return to the city, forced them to flee to the land.
ἐπικειμένων δὲ τῶν Πελοποννησίων πάσαις ταῖς ναυσίν, Ἀθηναῖοι θεωροῦντες μηδεμίαν σωτηρίαν ἄλλην ὑποκειμένην, κατέφυγον πρὸς τὴν γῆν, καὶ καταλιπόντες τὰ σκάφη διεσώθησαν εἰς Μιτυλήνην.
And as the Peloponnesians pressed upon them with all their ships, the Athenians, seeing no other safety left for them, fled to the land, and abandoning their vessels, made their escape to Mitylene.
§13.78.4Καλλικρατίδας δὲ τριάκοντα νεῶν κυριεύσας τὸ μὲν ναυτικὸν ἐθεώρει τῶν πολεμίων καταλελυμένον, πεζῇ δὲ τοὺς ἀγῶνας ἤλπιζεν ὑπολείπεσθαι.
Callicratidas, having captured thirty ships, considered the naval power of the enemy to be destroyed, and expected that the remaining struggles would be on land.
διόπερ οὗτος μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν διέπλει, Κόνων δʼ ἅμα τῷ καταπλεῦσαι προσδεχόμενος τὴν πολιορκίαν, τὰ περὶ τὸν εἴσπλουν τοῦ λιμένος κατεσκεύαζεν·
Therefore, he sailed against the city; and Conon, anticipating the siege as soon as he sailed in, made preparations around the entrance of the harbor.
εἰς μὲν γὰρ τὰ βράχη τοῦ λιμένος πλοῖα μικρὰ πληρώσας λίθων κατεπόντισε, πρὸς δὲ τοῖς βάθεσιν ὁλκάδας καθώρμιζεν οὔσας λιθοφόρους.
For in the shallow parts of the harbor, having filled small boats with stones, he sank them, and at the deep parts, he moored merchant ships laden with stones.
§13.78.5οἱ μὲν οὖν Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ τῶν Μιτυληναίων ὄχλος πολὺς ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν διὰ τὸν πόλεμον συνεληλυθὼς ταχέως κατεσκεύασε τὰ πρὸς τὴν πολιορκίαν.
Now the Athenians and a large crowd of Mitylenaeans who had gathered from the countryside because of the war quickly made ready for the siege.
ὁ δὲ Καλλικρατίδας ἐκβιβάσας τοὺς στρατιώτας εἰς τὸν πλησίον τῆς πόλεως αἰγιαλὸν ἐποιήσατο παρεμβολήν, καὶ τρόπαιον ἀπὸ τῆς ναυμαχίας ἔστησεν.
And Callicratidas, having disembarked his soldiers onto the beach near the city, made a camp and erected a trophy for the naval battle.
τῇ δʼ ὑστεραίᾳ τὰς κρατίστας τῶν νεῶν ἐπιλέξας, καὶ παρακελευσάμενος μὴ ἀπολείπεσθαι τῆς ἰδίας νεώς,ἀνήχθη, σπεύδων εἰς τὸν λιμένα πλεῦσαι καὶ λῦσαι τὸ διάφραγμα τῶν πολεμίων.
On the following day, having selected the best of the ships and having exhorted them not to fall behind his own ship, he put to sea, hastening to sail into the harbor and break the barrier of the enemy.
§13.78.6ὁ δὲ Κόνων τοὺς μὲν εἰς τὰς τριήρεις ἐνεβίβασε καὶ κατὰ τὸν διέκπλουν ἀντιπρῴρους κατέστησε, τοὺς δʼ ἐπὶ τὰ μεγάλα πλοῖα διέταξε, τινὰς δʼ ἐπὶ τὰς χηλὰς τοῦ λιμένος παρέπεμψεν, ὅπως πανταχόθεν ᾖ πεφραγμένος καὶ κατὰ γῆν καὶ κατὰ θάλατταν.
And Conon embarked some on the triremes and stationed them with their prows facing the enemy at the passage, ordered others onto the large ships, and sent some to the breakwaters of the harbor, so that it might be fortified on every side both by land and by sea.
§13.78.7αὐτὸς μὲν οὖν ὁ Κόνων τὰς τριήρεις ἔχων ἐναυμάχει, πληρώσας τὸν μεταξὺ τόπον τῶν διαφραγμάτων· οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ τῶν μεγάλων πλοίων ἐφεστῶτες ἐπέρριψαν ταῖς τῶν πολεμίων ναυσὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν κεραιῶν λίθους· οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ ταῖς χηλαῖς τοῦ λιμένος τεταγμένοι διεκώλυον τοὺς ἀποτολμῶντας εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποβαίνειν.
Conon himself, then, having the triremes, fought the naval battle, filling the space between the barriers; and those stationed on the large ships threw stones from the yardarms at the enemy's ships, while those posted at the breakwaters of the harbor prevented those who dared to land on the shore.

Notes

  1. 13.78.1ἃς μὲν τιτρώσκων, ὧν δὲ τοὺς ταρσοὺς παρασύρων — Different cases (accusative ἃς μὲν and genitive ὧν δὲ) are used in contrast. The latter genitive is a possessive genitive dependent on τοὺς ταρσοὺς ("oars"), forming the structure "sweeping away the oars of some (other) ships."
  2. 13.78.2ἤδη δὲ πασῶν τῶν νεῶν τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις ἠθροισμένων — The phrase πασῶν τῶν νεῶν ... ἠθροισμένων is a genitive absolute construction. τοῖς Πελοποννησίοις is a dative of interest ("for the Peloponnesians") or a dative of agent with the perfect passive participle.
  3. 13.78.3τοὺς δὲ διώξαντας Ἀθηναίους αἱ τῶν Πελοποννησίων ναῦς ἅπασαι περιχυθεῖσαι κατεπλήξαντο — A hyperbaton (inversion of word order). The direct object of κατεπλήξαντο, which is τοὺς δὲ διώξαντας Ἀθηναίους ("the pursuing Athenians"), is placed at the beginning of the clause for emphasis, followed by the subject.
  4. 13.78.4τὸ μὲν ναυτικὸν ἐθεώρει τῶν πολεμίων καταλελυμένον — The verb of perception/judgment ἐθεώρει takes an accusative subject (τὸ ναυτικὸν) and a perfect passive participle (καταλελυμένον) acting as a predicate complement, representing the realized state of the enemy's navy being destroyed.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.78.1-13.78.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.78.1-13.78.7

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