Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §13.60.1-13.60.7
Himeraean Sally and the Carthaginian Counterattack
Summary
At daybreak, the Himeraeans made a sudden sally from the city with ten thousand men, throwing the disorganized Carthaginian forces into panic and inflicting heavy casualties. However, Hannibal brought down his reserve forces from the hills, reversing the tide of battle and slaying the three thousand Himeraeans who stood their ground.
§13.60.1τότε μὲν οὖν νυκτὸς ἀφελομένης τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ πλέον φιλονεικίαν ἔλυσαν τὴν πολιορκίαν· ἅμα δʼ ἡμέρᾳ τοῖς Ἱμεραίοις ἔδοξε μὴ περιορᾶν αὑτοὺς συγκεκλεισμένους ἀγεννῶς, καθάπερ τοὺς Σελινουντίους, ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν τειχῶν φύλακας κατέταττον, τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους στρατιώτας δὺν τοῖς παραγεγονόσι συμμάχοις ἐξήγαγον, ὄντας περὶ μυρίους. §13.60.2ἀπροσδοκήτως δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀπαντήσαντες εἰς ἔκπληξιν ἤγαγον τοὺς βαρβάρους, νομίζοντας ἥκειν τοὺς συμμάχους τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις.
So then, at that time, since night had come and put an end to further strife, they broke off the battle; but at daybreak it seemed best to the Himeraeans not to allow themselves to be shut up ignobly, like the Selinuntines, and they stationed guards upon the walls, while the other soldiers they led out with the allies who had arrived, being about ten thousand in number. Encountering the enemy unexpectedly, they threw the barbarians into consternation, who thought that allies had arrived for the besieged.
πολὺ δὲ ταῖς τόλμαις ὑπερέχοντες καὶ ταῖς εὐχειρίαις, καὶ τὸ μέγιστον, μιᾶς ἐλπίδος εἰς σωτηρίαν ὑποκειμένης, εἰ τῇ μάχῃ κρατήσειαν, εὐθὺ τοὺς πρώτους ὑποστάντας ἀνεῖλον. §13.60.3τοῦ δὲ πλήθους τῶν βαρβάρων συντρέχοντος ἐν ἀταξίᾳ πολλῇ διὰ τὸ μηδέποτʼ ἂν ἐλπίσαι τοὺς συγκεκλεισμένους τηλικαῦτα τολμήσειν, οὐ μετρίως ἠλαττοῦντο· εἰς ἕνα γὰρ τόπον ὀκτὼ μυριάδων συνδραμουσῶν ἀτάκτως συνέβαινε τοὺς βαρβάρους ἀλλήλοις ἐμπίπτειν καὶ πλείονα πάσχειν ὑφʼ ἑαυτῶν ἤπερ ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων. §13.60.4οἱ δʼ Ἱμεραῖοι θεατὰς ἔχοντες ἀπὸ τῶν τειχῶν γονεῖς καὶ παῖδας, ἔτι δὲ τοὺς οἰκείους ἅπαντας, ἀφειδῶς ἐχρῶντο τοῖς ἰδίοις σώμασιν εἰς τὴν κοινὴν σωτηρίαν. §13.60.5λαμπρῶς δʼ αὐτῶν ἀγωνιζομένων οἱ βάρβαροι τάς τε τόλμας καὶ τὸ παράδοξον καταπλαγέντες πρὸς φυγὴν ἐτράπησαν.
And since they far excelled in daring and fighting skill, and, what was greatest of all, since only one hope for safety lay before them, if they should conquer in the battle, they immediately slew the first who stood against them. As the multitude of the barbarians ran together in great disorder because they had never expected that the besieged would dare such great things, they were worsted in no small measure; for since eighty thousand men had rushed together into one place in disorder, it happened that the barbarians fell upon one another and suffered more at their own hands than at the hands of the enemy. The Himeraeans, on their part, having as spectators from the walls their parents and children, and moreover all their relatives, spared not their own bodies for the common safety. Because they fought brilliantly, the barbarians, struck with terror at both their daring and the unexpected turn of events, turned to flight.
τούτων δʼ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ φευγόντων πρὸς τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν λόφων στρατοπεδεύοντας, ἐπηκολούθουν ἀλλήλοις παρακελευόμενοι μηδένα ζωγρεῖν, καὶ πλείους ἀνεῖλον τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων, ὡς Τίμαιος, ὡς δʼ Ἔφορός φησι, δισμυρίων. §13.60.6ὁ δʼ Ἀννίβας ὁρῶν τοὺς ἰδίους καταπονουμένους, κατεβίβασε τοὺς ἐπὶ τῶν λόφων κατεστρατοπεδευκότας, καὶ παραβοηθήσας τοῖς ἐλαττουμένοις κατέλαβε τοὺς Ἱμεραίους ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ τάξει τὸν διωγμὸν ποιουμένους. §13.60.7γενομένης δὲ μάχης καρτερᾶς, τὸ μὲν πλῆθος τῶν Ἱμεραίων πρὸς φυγὴν ὥρμησε, τρισχίλιοι δʼ αὐτῶν ὑποστάντες τὴν τῶν Καρχηδονίων δύναμιν, καὶ πολλὰ δράσαντες, ἅπαντες ἀνῃρέθησαν.
As these fled in complete disorder toward those encamped upon the hills, they followed, exhorting one another to take no one alive, and they slew more than six thousand, as Timaeus says, but as Ephorus says, twenty thousand. But Hannibal, seeing his own men hard pressed, brought down those who were encamped upon the hills, and coming to the assistance of those who were being worsted, he caught the Himeraeans pursuing in complete disorder. A fierce battle took place, and while the majority of the Himeraeans rushed to flight, three thousand of them, having withstood the Carthaginian force and performed many great deeds, were all slain.
Notes
- 13.60.1νυκτὸς ἀφελομένης τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ πλέον φιλονεικίαν — Genitive absolute: 'night having taken away the rivalry for the most part' (or 'having put an end to further strife'). The aorist middle participle feminine genitive singular ἀφελομένης agrees with νυκτός, taking τὴν ... φιλονεικίαν as its direct object.
- 13.60.1μὴ περιορᾶν αὑτοὺς συγκεκλεισμένους — The verb περιοράω ('to overlook', 'allow') here takes a supplementary participle, συγκεκλεισμένους, meaning 'not to allow themselves to be shut up' or 'not to look on passively while being shut up.'
- 13.60.3διὰ τὸ μηδέποτʼ ἂν ἐλπίσαι τοὺς συγκεκλεισμένους τηλικαῦτα τολμήσειν — Articular infinitive expressing cause (διὰ τὸ ... ἐλπίσαι). The particle ἄν with the aorist infinitive ἐλπίσαι indicates potentiality or hypothetical condition in the past ('would never have expected'). The accusative τοὺς συγκεκλεισμένους functions as the subject of the infinitive.
- 13.60.5τούτων δʼ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ φευγόντων — The dative οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ is a dative of manner, meaning 'in no order' or 'in complete disorder.' The clause itself is a genitive absolute (τούτων ... φευγόντων).
- 13.60.6κατέλαβε τοὺς Ἱμεραίους ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ τάξει τὸν διωγμὸν ποιουμένους — The verb καταλαμβάνω ('to catch', 'find in a certain state') takes an accusative object (τοὺς Ἱμεραίους) and a supplementary present participle (ποιουμένους), meaning 'he caught the Himeraeans in the act of making the pursuit...'
Cite this passage
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §13.60.1-13.60.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:13.60.1-13.60.7
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