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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.49.1-12.49.5

Cnemus' Abortive Raid on Peiraeus

Passage 143 of 723 · Greek

Summary

During the archonship of Diotimus in Athens, the Lacedaemonian admiral Cnemus attempted a surprise attack on the poorly guarded Peiraeus, but failed after only plundering Salamis, prompting the Athenians to strengthen the defenses of Peiraeus.

§12.49.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησι Διοτίμου Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν ὑπάτους κατέστησαν Γάιον Ἰούλιον καὶ Πρόκλον Οὐεργίνιον Τρίκοστον, Ἠλεῖοι δʼ ἤγαγον Ὀλυμπιάδα ὀγδόην πρὸς ταῖς ὀγδοήκοντα, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Σύμμαχος Μεσσήνιος ἀπὸ Σικελίας.
At Athens, when Diotimus was archon, the Romans elected Gaius Julius and Proclus Verginius Tricostus as consuls, and the Eleans celebrated the eighty-eighth Olympiad, in which Symmachus, a Messenian from Sicily, won the stadion race.
§12.49.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Κνῆνος ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ναύαρχος ἐν τῇ Κορίνθῳ διατρίβων ἔκρινε τὸν Πειραιᾶ καταλαβέσθαι.
During their term of office, Cnemus, the admiral of the Lacedaemonians, while staying in Corinth, decided to seize Peiraeus.
ἐπυνθάνετο γὰρ μήτε ναῦς ἐν αὐτῷ καθειλκυσμένας ὑπάρχειν μήτε στρατιώτας εἶναι τεταγμένους ἐπὶ τῆς φυλακῆς· τοὺς γὰρ Ἀθηναίους ἀμελῶς ἔχειν περὶ τῆς τούτου φυλακῆς διὰ τὸ μηδαμῶς ἐλπίζειν τολμῆσαι τινὰς καταλαβέσθαι τὸν τόπον.
For he had learned that there were neither ships launched in it nor soldiers stationed for its defense; indeed, the Athenians were negligent about its guard because they in no way expected that anyone would dare to seize the place.
§12.49.3διόπερ ἐν τοῖς Μεγάροις καθελκύσας τὰς νενεωλκημένας τετταράκοντα τριήρεις νυκτὸς ἔπλευσεν εἰς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα· προσπεσὼν δʼ ἀπροσδοκήτως εἰς τὸ φρούριον τῆς Σαλαμῖνος τὸ καλούμενον Βουδόριον, τρεῖς ναῦς ἀπέσπασε καὶ τὴν ὅλην Σαλαμῖνα κατέδραμε.
Therefore, having launched in Megara the forty triremes which had been hauled up on land, he sailed by night to Salamis; and falling unexpectedly upon the fortress of Salamis called Budorium, he towed away three ships and overran the whole of Salamis.
§12.49.4τῶν δὲ Σαλαμινίων πυρσευσάντων τοῖς κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικήν, οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι δόξαντες τὸν Πειραιᾶ κατειλῆφθαι ταχέως ἐξεβοήθουν μετὰ πολλῆς ταραχῆς· γνόντες δὲ τὸ γεγονός, ταχέως πληρώσαντες ναῦς ἱκανὰς ἔπλεον εἰς τὴν Σαλαμῖνα.
And when the Salaminians signaled by fire to the people in Attica, the Athenians, thinking that Peiraeus had been captured, quickly went out to help in great confusion; but when they learned what had happened, they quickly manned a sufficient number of ships and sailed to Salamis.
§12.49.5οἱ δὲ Πελοποννήσιοι τῆς ἐπιβολῆς διαψευσθέντες ἀπέπλευσαν ἐκ τῆς Σαλαμῖνος εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν.
But the Peloponnesians, having failed in their attempt, sailed away from Salamis to their own country.
οἱ δʼ Ἀθηναῖοι, τῶν πολεμίων ἀποπεπλευκότων, τῆς μὲν Σαλαμῖνος ἐπιμελεστέραν φυλακὴν ἐποιήσαντο καὶ κατέλιπον φρουροὺς τοὺς ἱκανούς, τὸν δὲ Πειραιᾶ κλείθροις καὶ φυλακαῖς ἱκαναῖς διαλαβόντες ὠχύρωσαν.
And the Athenians, after the enemy had sailed away, kept a stricter guard over Salamis and left a sufficient garrison, and they fortified Peiraeus by securing it with booms and adequate guards.

Notes

  1. §12.49.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων — The preposition ἐπί with the genitive means 'in the time of' or 'during the term of office of,' and the demonstrative pronoun τούτων refers to the Athenian archon and Roman consuls mentioned in the preceding section (12.49.1).
  2. §12.49.2διὰ τὸ μηδαμῶς ἐλπίζειν τολμῆσαι τινὰς καταλαβέσθαι τὸν τόπον — The main structure consists of the preposition διὰ with the articular infinitive τὸ ἐλπίζειν indicating cause ('because of expecting'). The implied subject of ἐλπίζειν is the Athenians, while the subject of the dependent infinitive τολμῆσαι is the accusative τινάς ('that anyone would dare'). Finally, καταλαβέσθαι serves as the complementary infinitive to τολμῆσαι.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.49.1-12.49.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.49.1-12.49.5

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