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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.38.1-12.38.4

Pericles' Embezzlement and Causes of the War

Passage 132 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The outbreak and causes of the Peloponnesian War are discussed, focusing on Pericles' crisis of accounting due to his private use of Delian League funds and how he plotted a war to escape it under Alcibiades' advice.

§12.38.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος δʼ Ἀθήνησιν Εὐθυδήμου Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν ἀντὶ τῶν ὑπάτων τρεῖς χιλιάρχους κατέστησαν, Μάνιον Αἰμιλιανὸν Μάμερκον, Γάιον Ἰούλιον, Λεύκιον Κοΐντιον.
When Euthydemus was archon in Athens, the Romans established three military tribunes instead of consuls, Manius Aemilianus Mamercus, Gaius Julius, and Lucius Quinctius.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ἀθηναίοις καὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐνέστη πόλεμος ὁ κληθεὶς Πελοποννησιακός, μακρότατος τῶν ἱστορημένων πολέμων.
During their term of office, the war called the Peloponnesian War, the longest of the wars recorded in history, broke out between the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians.
ἀναγκαῖον δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ τῆς ὑποκειμένης ἱστορίας οἰκεῖον προεκθέσθαι τὰς αἰτίας αὐτοῦ.
And it is necessary, as something proper to the history before us, to set forth its causes beforehand.
§12.38.2Ἀθηναῖοι τῆς κατὰ θάλατταν ἡγεμονίας ἀντεχόμενοι τὰ ἐν Δήλῳ κοινῇ συνηγμένα χρήματα, τάλαντα σχεδὸν ὀκτακισχίλια, μετήνεγκαν εἰς τὰς Ἀθήνας καὶ παρέδωκαν φυλάττειν Περικλεῖ.
The Athenians, clinging to their hegemony of the sea, transferred the funds gathered in common at Delos, nearly eight thousand talents, to Athens, and gave them to Pericles to guard.
οὗτος δʼ ἦν εὐγενείᾳ καὶ δόξῃ καὶ λόγου δεινότητι πολὺ προέχων τῶν πολιτῶν.
He was far superior to his fellow citizens in birth, reputation, and eloquence.
μετὰ δέ τινα χρόνον ἀνηλωκὼς ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἰδίᾳ πλῆθος ἱκανὸν χρημάτων καὶ λόγον ἀπαιτούμενος εἰς ἀρρωστίαν ἐνέπεσεν, οὐ δυνάμενος τῶν πεπιστευμένων ἀποδοῦναι τὸν ἀπολογισμόν.
But after some time, having spent a considerable amount of these funds for his private use and being called to account, he fell into an illness of worry, being unable to render the accounts of the moneys entrusted to him.
§12.38.3ἀδημονοῦντος δʼ αὐτοῦ περὶ τούτων, Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ ἀδελφιδοῦς, ὀρφανὸς ὤν, τρεφόμενος παρʼ αὐτῷ, παῖς ὢν τὴν ἡλικίαν, ἀφορμὴν αὐτῷ παρέσχετο τῆς περὶ τῶν χρημάτων ἀπολογίας.
While he was anxious about these matters, Alcibiades his nephew, who was an orphan and was being brought up by him, and was still a child in age, provided him with an occasion for his defence concerning the money.
θεωρῶν γὰρ τὸν θεῖον λυπούμενον ἐπηρώτησε τὴν αἰτίαν τῆς λύπης.
For seeing his uncle in grief, he asked the cause of his grief.
τοῦ δὲ Περικλέους εἰπόντος, ὅτι τὴν περὶ τῶν χρημάτων ἀπολογίαν αἰτούμενος ζητῶ πῶς ἂν δυναίμην ἀποδοῦναι τὸν περὶ τούτων λόγον τοῖς πολίταις, ὁ Ἀλκιβιάδης ἔφησε δεῖν αὐτὸν ζητεῖν μὴ πῶς ἀποδῷ τὸν λόγον, ἀλλὰ πῶς μὴ ἀποδῷ.
When Pericles said, "Because I am being asked for the accounts of the money, and I am seeking how I might be able to render this reckoning to the citizens," Alcibiades said that he ought to seek, not how he should render the account, but how he should not render it.
§12.38.4διόπερ Περικλῆς ἀποδεξάμενος τὴν τοῦ παιδὸς ἀπόφασιν ἐζήτει, διʼ οὗ τρόπου τοὺς Ἀθηναίους δύναιτʼ ἂν ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς μέγαν πόλεμον· οὕτω γὰρ μάλιστα ὑπελάμβανε διὰ τὴν ταραχὴν καὶ τοὺς τῆς πόλεως περισπασμοὺς καὶ φόβους ἐκφεύξεσθαι τὸν ἀκριβῆ λόγον τῶν χρημάτων.
Therefore Pericles, accepting the boy's opinion, began to seek by what means he might be able to plunge the Athenians into a great war; for he supposed that in this way, above all, because of the confusion and the city's distractions and fears, he would escape the exact accounting of the money.
πρὸς δὲ ταύτην τὴν ἀφορμὴν συνέβαινεν αὐτῷ καὶ ταὐτόματον διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας.
And to this occasion, chance also played into his hands for the following reasons.

Notes

  1. 12.38.1οἰκεῖον — Functions predicatively as a complement to the infinitive προεκθέσθαι, governing the genitive τῆς ὑποκειμένης ἱστορίας ("the history before us"), meaning "as something proper to the history at hand."
  2. 12.38.2φυλάττειν — Infinitive of purpose (epexegetical), following the verb παρέδωκαν ("they gave over"), expressing the purpose or task: "to guard" or "for keeping."
  3. 12.38.3τὴν ἡλικίαν — Accusative of respect (or specification), meaning "with respect to age" or "in age," limiting the application of the nominative noun παῖς ("a child").
  4. 12.38.3ἀποδῷ — Deliberative subjunctive in the indirect questions πῶς ἀποδῷ and πῶς μὴ ἀποδῷ. Despite depending on a past tense main verb (ἔφησε δεῖν), the subjunctive is retained instead of being changed to an optative, preserving the vividness of the original thought.
  5. 12.38.4ἐκφεύξεσθαι — Future infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive (ACI) construction dependent on ὑπελάμβανε ("he supposed"). Its subject is Pericles himself, and since it is identical to the subject of the main verb, the accusative subject is omitted.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.38.1-12.38.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.38.1-12.38.4

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