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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §12.3.1-12.3.4

Cimon's Expedition to Cyprus and Victories

Passage 97 of 723 · Greek

Summary

During the archonship of Euthydemus, the Athenians dispatch a fleet to Cyprus under the command of Cimon, who wins major victories against the Persians both at sea and on land.

§12.3.1ἐπʼ ἄρχοντος γὰρ Ἀθήνησιν Εὐθυδήμου Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν ὑπάτους κατέστησαν Λεύκιον Κοΐντιον Κικιννᾶτον καὶ Μάρκον Φάβιον Οὐιβουλανόν.
For when Euthydemus was archon in Athens, the Romans established Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus and Marcus Fabius Vibulanus as consuls.
ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων Ἀθηναῖοι διαπεπολεμηκότες ὑπὲρ Αἰγυπτίων πρὸς Πέρσας, καὶ τὰς ναῦς ἁπάσας ἀπολωλεκότες ἐν τῇ λεγομένῃ Προσωπίτιδι νήσῳ, βραχὺν χρόνον διαλιπόντες ἔγνωσαν πάλιν πολεμεῖν τοῖς Πέρσαις ὑπὲρ τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν Ἑλλήνων.
During their term, the Athenians, having fought through the war against the Persians on behalf of the Egyptians, and having lost all their ships on the so-called island of Prosopitis, after waiting a short time, resolved to wage war again against the Persians on behalf of the Greeks in Asia.
καταρτίσαντες δὲ στόλον τριήρων διακοσίων, καὶ στρατηγὸν ἑλόμενοι Κίμωνα τὸν Μιλτιάδου, προσέταξαν πλεῖν ἐπὶ Κύπρον καὶ διαπολεμεῖν τοῖς Πέρσαις. §12.3.2ὁ δὲ Κίμων ἀναλαβὼν τὸν στόλον κεκοσμημένον ἀνδρῶν τε ἀρεταῖς καὶ χορηγίαις δαψιλέσιν ἔπλευσεν εἰς τὴν Κύπρον.
Having prepared a fleet of two hundred triremes, and having chosen Cimon, the son of Miltiades, as general, they ordered him to sail to Cyprus and fight the war through against the Persians. Cimon, taking the fleet equipped both with the virtues of the men and with abundant supplies, sailed to Cyprus.
κατʼ ἐκείνους δὲ τοὺς καιροὺς τῶν Περσικῶν δυνάμεων ἐστρατήγουν Ἀρτάβαζος καὶ Μεγάβυζος.
At that time Artabazus and Megabyzus were commanding the Persian forces.
Ἀρτάβαζος μὲν τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἔχων ἐν τῇ Κύπρῳ διέτριβεν, ἔχων τριήρεις τριακοσίας, Μεγάβυζος δὲ περὶ τὴν Κιλικίαν ἐστρατοπέδευε, πεζὰς ἔχων δυνάμεις, ὧν ὁ ἀριθμὸς ἦν τριάκοντα μυριάδων. §12.3.3ὁ δὲ Κίμων καταπλεύσας εἰς τὴν Κύπρον καὶ θαλαττοκρατῶν Κίτιον μὲν καὶ Μάριον ἐξεπολιόρκησε, καὶ τοῖς κρατηθεῖσι φιλανθρώπως προσηνέχθη.
Artabazus, holding the chief command, was staying in Cyprus with three hundred triremes, while Megabyzus was encamped near Cilicia, having land forces whose number was three hundred thousand. Cimon, having sailed to Cyprus and holding the mastery of the sea, besieged and took Citium and Marion, and treated the conquered people humanely.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐκ Κιλικίας καὶ Φοινίκης προσφερομένων τριήρων τῇ νήσῳ, Κίμων ἐπαναχθεὶς καὶ πόλεμον συγκρούσας πολλὰς μὲν τῶν νεῶν κατέδυσεν, ἑκατὸν δὲ σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσιν εἷλε, τὰς δὲ λοιπὰς μέχρι τῆς Φοινίκης κατεδίωξεν. §12.3.4οἱ μὲν οὖν Πέρσαι ταῖς ὑπολειφθείσαις ναυσὶ κατέφυγον εἰς τὴν γῆν, καθʼ ὃν τόπον ἦν Μεγάβυζος ἐστρατοπεδευκὼς μετὰ τῆς πεζῆς δυνάμεως· οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι προσπλεύσαντες καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐκβιβάσαντες συνῆψαν μάχην, καθʼ ἣν Ἀναξικράτης μὲν ὁ ἕτερος τῶν στρατηγῶν λαμπρῶς ἀγωνισάμενος ἡρωικῶς κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον, οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι κρατήσαντες τῇ μάχῃ καὶ πολλοὺς ἀνελόντες ἐπανῆλθον εἰς τὰς ναῦς.
After this, when triremes were approaching the island from Cilicia and Phoenicia, Cimon, putting out to sea and joining battle, sank many of the ships, captured one hundred together with their crews, and pursued the remaining ones as far as Phoenicia. The Persians, then, fled with the remaining ships to the land, at the place where Megabyzus was encamped with the land force; but the Athenians, sailing up and landing their soldiers, joined battle, in which Anaxicrates, the other of the generals, having fought brilliantly, heroically ended his life, while the others, having prevailed in the battle and slain many, returned to the ships.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἀθηναῖοι πάλιν ἀπέπλευσαν εἰς τὴν Κύπρον.
After this, the Athenians sailed back again to Cyprus.
ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐπράχθη κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος τοῦ πολέμου.
These things, then, were done during the first year of the war.

Notes

  1. 12.3.1προσέταξαν — The subject of the verb προσέταξαν ('they ordered', third-person plural aorist) is the Athenians (Ἀθηναῖοι). Although the direct object of the command is not explicitly expressed, it is understood from the context to be Cimon, who was just chosen as general (στρατηγὸν ἑλόμενοι Κίμωνα), instructing him to sail (πλεῖν) and fight the war through (διαπολεμεῖν).
  2. 12.3.1διαπεπολεμηκότες ... ἀπολωλεκότες — These are perfect active participles qualifying the subject (the Athenians) of the main verb ἔγνωσαν ('they resolved'). They describe the prior background events (the unsuccessful expedition in Egypt) that motivated or preceded the current resolution to resume the war.
  3. 12.3.3προσφερομένων τριήρων — A genitive absolute construction consisting of the present middle-passive participle προσφερομένων and the noun τριήρων in the genitive case, expressing the temporal background ('when triremes were approaching the island').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §12.3.1-12.3.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:12.3.1-12.3.4

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