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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §11.24.1-11.24.4

Destruction of the Carthaginian Forces and Peace Envoys to Gelon

Passage 25 of 723 · Greek

Summary

The author notes the coincidence of Gelon's victory and the battle of Thermopylae on the same day, details the tragic end of the fleeing Carthaginian fleet along with the mourning in Carthage, and describes how the panicked Carthaginians immediately sent plenipotentiaries to Gelon.

§11.24.1συνέβη γὰρ τῇ αὐτῇ ἡμέρᾳ τὸν Γέλωνα νικῆσαι καὶ τοὺς περὶ Θερμοπύλας μετὰ Λεωνίδου διαγωνίσασθαι πρὸς Ξέρξην, ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες τοῦ δαιμονίου περὶ τὸν αὐτὸν καιρὸν ποιήσαντος γενέσθαι τήν τε καλλίστην νίκην καὶ τὴν ἐνδοξοτάτην ἧτταν.
For it happened on the same day that Gelon won his victory and those at Thermopylae with Leonidas fought to the end against Xerxes, as if the deity had intentionally caused both the fairest victory and the most famous defeat to take place at the same time.
§11.24.2μετὰ δὲ τὴν γενομένην μάχην πρὸς τῇ πόλει τῶν Ἱμεραίων εἴκοσι νῆες μακραὶ διέφυγον τὸν κίνδυνον, ἃς Ἀμίλκας οὐκ ἐνεώλκησε πρὸς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας.
After the battle that occurred near the city of the Himeraeans, twenty warships escaped the danger, which Hamilcar had not hauled up on shore for necessary services.
διὸ καὶ τῶν ἀνδρῶν σχεδὸν ἁπάντων τῶν μὲν ἀνῃρημένων, τῶν δὲ ἐζωγρημένων, ἔφθασαν αὗται τὸν ἀπόπλουν ποιησάμεναι.
Therefore, while almost all of the men were either slain or taken alive, these ships anticipated them by making their departure.
πολλοὺς δὲ τῶν φευγόντων ἀναλαβοῦσαι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο κατάγομοι γενόμεναι, περιέπεσον χειμῶνι καὶ πᾶσαι διεφθάρησαν· ὀλίγοι δέ τινες ἐν μικρῷ σκάφει διασωθέντες εἰς Καρχηδόνα διεσάφησαν τοῖς πολίταις, σύντομον ποιησάμενοι τὴν ἀπόφασιν, ὅτι πάντες οἱ διαβάντες εἰς τὴν Σικελίαν ἀπολώλασιν.
And having taken on board many of those who were fleeing, and having become overloaded for this reason, they fell into a storm and were all destroyed; but some few, being saved in a small boat, reached Carthage and made it clear to the citizens, making their report brief, that all those who had crossed over into Sicily had perished.
§11.24.3οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι παρʼ ἐλπίδας μεγάλῃ συμφορᾷ περιπεσόντες ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο κατεπλάγησαν, ὥστε τὰς νύκτας ἅπαντας διαγρυπνεῖν φυλάττοντας τὴν πόλιν, ὡς τοῦ Γέλωνος πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει παραχρῆμα διεγνωκότος πλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν Καρχηδόνα.
The Carthaginians, having fallen into a great misfortune contrary to their expectations, were terrified to such an extent that they spent all the nights awake guarding the city, on the ground that Gelon had immediately decided to sail against Carthage with his entire force.
§11.24.4διὰ δὲ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀπολωλότων ἥ τε πόλις ἐπένθησε κοινῇ καὶ κατʼ ἰδίαν αἱ τῶν ἰδιωτῶν οἰκίαι κλαυθμοῦ καὶ πένθους ἐπληροῦντο.
On account of the multitude of those who had perished, the city mourned in common, and in private the houses of individual citizens were filled with weeping and mourning.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ υἱούς, οἱ δὲ ἀδελφοὺς ἐπεζήτουν, πλεῖστοι δὲ παῖδες ὀρφανοὶ πατέρων γεγονότες ἔρημοι ὠδύροντο τόν τε τῶν γεγεννηκότων θάνατον καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν ἐρημίαν τῶν βοηθούντων.
For some were looking for sons, others for brothers, and very many children, having been orphaned of their fathers, lamented in desolation both the death of their parents and their own lack of helpers.
οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι φοβούμενοι μὴ φθάσῃ διαβὰς εἰς Λιβύην Γέλων, εὐθὺς ἐξέπεμψαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πρεσβευτὰς αὐτοκράτορας τοὺς δυνατωτάτους εἰπεῖν τε καὶ βουλεύσασθαι.
And the Carthaginians, fearing lest Gelon should anticipate them by crossing over into Libya, immediately sent to him plenipotentiary ambassadors who were most capable both of speaking and of deliberating.

Notes

  1. 11.24.1ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες τοῦ δαιμονίου ... ποιήσαντος — A genitive absolute construction introduced by `ὥσπερ` ('as if'), which expresses the author's subjective and figurative interpretation of the coincidence as an intentional act of the deity.
  2. 11.24.2ἔφθασαν αὗται τὸν ἀπόπλουν ποιησάμεναι — The verb `φθάνω` used with a supplementary participle (`ποιησάμεναι`) to express doing something beforehand or taking precedence ('succeeded in sailing away first'). It highlights that the ships departed before the final capture of the troops on land.
  3. 11.24.3ὡς τοῦ Γέλωνος ... διεγνωκότος πλεῖν — A genitive absolute construction introduced by the conjunction `ὡς`, indicating the subjective belief or pretext of the subject of the main clause (the Carthaginians)—namely, 'on the assumption/under the impression that Gelon had decided to sail.'
  4. 11.24.4φοβούμενοι μὴ φθάσῃ διαβὰς — A clause of fearing introduced by `μή` with the subjunctive (`φθάσῃ`) after the participle of fearing `φοβούμενοι` ('fearing lest'). Additionally, the subjunctive verb `φθάσῃ` is accompanied by the supplementary participle `διαβάς`, meaning 'lest Gelon should anticipate them by crossing over.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §11.24.1-11.24.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc4:11.24.1-11.24.4

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