§8.354εἰ μὲν δή τις ὀρθότερον ἄμεινόν τʼ ἔχει τοῦ ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ ῥηθησομένου, ἐνεγκὼν εἰς τὸ μέσον ὀρθότατα φιλέλλην ἂν λεχθείη·
If indeed anyone has a more correct and better view than what is about to be said by me, by bringing it into the open he would most justly be called a friend of the Greeks.
ὃ δέ μοι φαίνεταί πῃ τὰ νῦν, ἐγὼ πειράσομαι πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ καὶ κοινῷ τινι δικαίῳ λόγῳ χρώμενος δηλοῦν.
But what appears to me in some way at present, I will try to make clear, using all frankness and a certain common, just discourse.
λέγω γὰρ δὴ διαιτητοῦ τινα τρόπον διαλεγόμενος ὡς δυοῖν, τυραννεύσαντί τε καὶ τυραννευθέντι, ὡς ἑνὶ ἑκατέρῳ παλαιὰν ἐμὴν συμβουλήν·
For indeed I speak in the manner of an arbitrator, speaking as if to two, the one who has held tyranny and the one who has been under tyranny, as to each single one, my old advice.
καὶ νῦν δὲ ὅ γʼ ἐμὸς λόγος ἂν εἴη σύμβουλος τυράννῳ παντὶ φεύγειν μὲν τοὔνομά τε καὶ τοὖργον τοῦτο, εἰς βασιλείαν δέ, εἰ δυνατὸν εἴη, μεταβαλεῖν.
And now indeed, my discourse at least would advise every tyrant to flee this name and this deed, and to change, if it should be possible, into a kingship.
δυνατὸν δέ, ὡς ἔδειξεν ἔργῳ σοφὸς ἀνὴρ καὶ ἀγαθὸς Λυκοῦργος, ὃς ἰδὼν τὸ τῶν οἰκείων γένος ἐν Ἄργει καὶ Μεσσήνῃ ἐκ βασιλέων εἰς τυράννων δύναμιν ἀφικομένους καὶ διαφθείραντας ἑαυτούς τε καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἑκατέρους ἑκατέραν, δείσας περὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πόλεως ἅμα καὶ γένους, φάρμακον ἐπήνεγκεν τὴν τῶν γερόντων ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸν τῶν ἐφόρων δεσμὸν τῆς βασιλικῆς ἀρχῆς σωτήριον, ὥστε γενεὰς τοσαύτας ἤδη μετʼ εὐκλείας σῴζεσθαι, νόμος ἐπειδὴ κύριος ἐγένετο βασιλεὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἄνθρωποι τύραννοι νόμων.
And it is possible, as Lycurgus, a wise and good man, showed in deed, who, seeing that his own relatives' race in Argos and Messene, having come from kings to the power of tyrants, had destroyed both themselves and each of their respective cities, and fearing for his own city as well as his race, brought in as a remedy the rule of the elders and the bond of the ephors as a savior of the kingly rule, so that for so many generations now they are saved with good repute, since law became the king of men, but not men the tyrants of laws.
ὃ δὴ καὶ νῦν οὑμὸς λόγος πᾶσιν παρακελεύεται, τοῖς μὲν τυραννίδος ἐφιεμένοις ἀποτρέπεσθαι καὶ φεύγειν φυγῇ ἀπλήστως πεινώντων εὐδαιμόνισμα ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀνοήτων, εἰς βασιλέως δʼ εἶδος πειρᾶσθαι μεταβάλλειν καὶ δουλεῦσαι νόμοις βασιλικοῖς, τὰς μεγίστας τιμὰς κεκτημένους παρʼ ἑκόντων τε ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν νόμων· τοῖς δὲ δὴ ἐλεύθερα διώκουσιν ἤθη καὶ φεύγουσιν τὸν δούλειον ζυγὸν ὡς ὂν κακόν, εὐλαβεῖσθαι συμβουλεύοιμʼ ἂν μή ποτε ἀπληστίᾳ ἐλευθερίας ἀκαίρου τινὸς εἰς τὸ τῶν προγόνων νόσημα ἐμπέσωσιν, ὃ διὰ τὴν ἄγαν ἀναρχίαν οἱ τότε ἔπαθον, ἀμέτρῳ ἐλευθερίας χρώμενοι ἔρωτι.
This very thing indeed my discourse also now exhorts all to do: on the one hand, those who desire tyranny to turn away and flee with all speed from the congratulation of greedy, starving, and foolish men, and to try to change into the form of a king and to serve kingly laws, possessing the greatest honors from willing men and from the laws; and on the other hand, to those who pursue free habits and flee the slave's yoke as being an evil, I would advise them to take care lest ever, through a greed for some untimely freedom, they fall into the sickness of their ancestors, which they suffered because of excessive anarchy, indulging in an immoderate love of freedom.
οἱ γὰρ πρὸ Διονυσίου καὶ Ἱππαρίνου ἀρξάντων Σικελιῶται τότε ὡς ᾤοντο εὐδαιμόνως ἔζων, τρυφῶντές τε καὶ ἅμα ἀρχόντων ἄρχοντες· οἳ καὶ τοὺς δέκα στρατηγοὺς κατέλευσαν βάλλοντες τοὺς πρὸ Διονυσίου, κατὰ νόμον οὐδένα κρίναντες, ἵνα δὴ δουλεύοιεν μηδενὶ μήτε σὺν δίκῃ μήτε νόμῳ δεσπότῃ, ἐλεύθεροι δʼ εἶεν πάντῃ πάντως· ὅθεν αἱ τυραννίδες ἐγένοντο αὐτοῖς.
For the Siceliots before Dionysius and Hipparinus began to rule lived then, as they thought, happily, living in luxury and at the same time ruling over their rulers; who also stoned to death the ten generals before Dionysius, judging them according to no law, so that indeed they might serve no master either with justice or with law, but might be free in every way and entirely; whence the tyrannies arose for them.
§8.355δουλεία γὰρ καὶ ἐλευθερία ὑπερβάλλουσα μὲν ἑκατέρα πάγκακον, ἔμμετρος δὲ οὖσα πανάγαθον· μετρία δὲ ἡ θεῷ δουλεία, ἄμετρος δὲ ἡ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις· θεὸς δὲ ἀνθρώποις σώφροσιν νόμος, ἄφροσιν δὲ ἡδονή.
For slavery and freedom, each in excess, is an altogether evil thing, but when moderate, it is an altogether good thing; and moderate is slavery to god, but immoderate is that to men; and god for prudent men is law, but for foolish men it is pleasure.
τούτων δὴ ταύτῃ πεφυκότων, ἃ συμβουλεύω Συρακοσίοις πᾶσιν φράζειν παρακελεύομαι τοῖς Δίωνος φίλοις ἐκείνου καὶ ἐμὴν κοινὴν συμβουλήν· ἐγὼ δὲ ἑρμηνεύσω ἃν ἐκεῖνος ἔμπνους ὢν καὶ δυνάμενος εἶπεν νῦν πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
Since these things are indeed naturally so, I exhort the friends of Dion to declare to all Syracusans what I advise as his and my common advice; and I will interpret what he, if he were alive and able, would say now to you.
τίνʼ οὖν δή, τις ἂν εἴποι, λόγον ἀποφαίνεται ἡμῖν περὶ τῶν νῦν παρόντων ἡ Δίωνος συμβουλή; τόνδε.
"What discourse then indeed," someone might say, "does the advice of Dion declare to us concerning the present circumstances?" This one.
δέξασθε, ὦ Συρακόσιοι, πάντων πρῶτον νόμους οἵτινες ἂν ὑμῖν φαίνωνται μὴ πρὸς χρηματισμὸν καὶ πλοῦτον τρέψοντες τὰς γνώμας ὑμῶν μετʼ ἐπιθυμίας, ἀλλʼ ὄντων τριῶν, ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος ἔτι δὲ χρημάτων, τὴν τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρετὴν ἐντιμοτάτην ποιοῦντες, δευτέραν δὲ τὴν τοῦ σώματος, ὑπὸ τῇ τῆς ψυχῆς κειμένην, τρίτην δὲ καὶ ὑστάτην τὴν τῶν χρημάτων τιμήν, δουλεύουσαν τῷ σώματί τε καὶ ψυχῇ.
Accept, O Syracusans, first of all, laws which may appear to you not to turn your minds with desire toward money-making and wealth, but, there being three things—soul and body and also wealth—making the virtue of the soul most honorable, and second that of the body, lying under that of the soul, and third and last the honor of wealth, serving both the body and the soul.
καὶ ὁ μὲν ταῦτα ἀπεργαζόμενος θεσμὸς νόμος ἂν ὀρθῶς ὑμῖν εἴη κείμενος, ὄντως εὐδαίμονας ἀποτελῶν τοὺς χρωμένους· ὁ δὲ τοὺς πλουσίους εὐδαίμονας ὀνομάζων λόγος αὐτός τε ἄθλιος, γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων ὢν λόγος ἄνους, τοὺς πειθομένους τε ἀπεργάζεται τοιούτους.
And the institution which accomplishes these things would be a correctly established law for you, making those who use it truly happy; but the discourse which calls the wealthy happy is itself wretched, being a foolish discourse of women and children, and it makes those who believe it to be such.
ὅτι δʼ ἀληθῆ ταῦτʼ ἐγὼ παρακελεύομαι, ἐὰν γεύσησθε τῶν νῦν λεγομένων περὶ νόμων, ἔργῳ γνώσεσθε· ἣ δὴ βάσανος ἀληθεστάτη δοκεῖ γίγνεσθαι τῶν πάντων πέρι.
And that these things I exhort are true, if you taste of what is now being said concerning laws, you will know in deed; which indeed seems to be the truest test concerning all things.
δεξάμενοι δὲ τοὺς τοιούτους νόμους, ἐπειδὴ κατέχει κίνδυνος Σικελίαν, καὶ οὔτε κρατεῖτε ἱκανῶς οὔτʼ αὖ διαφερόντως κρατεῖσθε, δίκαιον ἂν ἴσως καὶ συμφέρον γίγνοιτο ὑμῖν πᾶσιν μέσον τεμεῖν, τοῖς τε φεύγουσιν τῆς ἀρχῆς τὴν χαλεπότητα ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς πάλιν ἐρῶσιν τυχεῖν, ὧν οἱ πρόγονοι τότε, τὸ μέγιστον, ἔσωσαν ἀπὸ βαρβάρων τοὺς Ἕλληνας, ὥστʼ ἐξεῖναι περὶ πολιτείας νῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγους· ἔρρουσι δὲ τότε οὔτε λόγος οὔτʼ ἐλπὶς ἐλείπετʼ ἂν οὐδαμῇ οὐδαμῶς.
And having accepted such laws, since danger holds Sicily, and you neither rule sufficiently nor on the other hand are ruled distinctively, it would probably be just and beneficial for all of you to cut a middle course, both for you who flee the severity of the rule and for those who desire to obtain the rule again, whose ancestors then, most importantly, saved the Greeks from the barbarians, so that it is now possible to hold discourses about the constitution; whereas if they had perished then, neither discourse nor hope would have been left anywhere in any way.
νῦν οὖν τοῖς μὲν ἐλευθερία γιγνέσθω μετὰ βασιλικῆς ἀρχῆς, τοῖς δὲ ἀρχὴ ὑπεύθυνος βασιλική, δεσποζόντων νόμων τῶν τε ἄλλων πολιτῶν καὶ τῶν βασιλέων αὐτῶν, ἄν τι παράνομον πράττωσιν·
Now therefore, let there be freedom for the one side with a kingly rule, and for the other a kingly rule subject to audit, with laws lord over both the other citizens and the kings themselves, if they do anything contrary to law.